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1

Recognition of the efficiency of the structure of an active municipal waste landfill based on the quality of the water environment

Kozak Przemysław, Przydatek Grzegorz

Journal of Engineering, Energy and Informatics

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2024

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No. 1(3)

20--29

EN

A landfill site is an engineered facility intended for depositing waste. Regardless of their type, such facilities pose a potential threat to the water and ground environment, as well as to human health and life, because leachate water in contact with groundwater deteriorates their quality. To prevent such a phenomenon, it is necessary to periodically test the composition of water within the landfill. The aim of the research was to analyse the efficiency of the structure of an operated municipal waste landfill based on the analysis of the composition of leachate and groundwater, including the operation and post-operation phases. Based on the physico-chemical analysis of leachate and groundwater in 2016-2020, increased average TOC (Total Organic Carbon) values exceeding 10 mg·dm-3 were shown. Although the concentrations of other indicators, including heavy metals, were within permissible limits, the test results showed limited efficiency of the barrier protecting against the impact of stored waste on the aquatic environment. For this reason, there was a need to expand the scope of research, in particular to include toxicity tests of both leachates and water.

PL

Składowisko odpadów jest urządzonym obiektem inżynieryjnym przeznaczonym do deponowania odpadów. Niezależnie od ich rodzaju, obiekty takie stwarzają potencjalne zagrożenie dla środowiska wodno-gruntowego, a także dla zdrowia i życia ludzi, gdyż wody odciekowe w kontakcie z wodami podziemnymi wpływają na pogorszenie ich jakości. Aby zapobiec takiemu zjawisku konieczne jest okresowe przeprowadzanie badań składu wód występujących w obrębie składowiska. Celem badań była analiza sprawności konstrukcji eksploatowanego składowiska odpadów komunalnych na podstawie analizy składu wód odciekowych i podziemnych, obejmującej fazę eksploatacji i poeksploatacyjną. Na podstawie analizy fizyczno-chemicznej wód odciekowych i podziemnych w latach 2016-2020 wykazano podwyższone średnie wartości OWO (Ogólny Węgiel Organiczny) przekraczające 10 mg·dm-3. Pomimo, iż stężenia pozostałych wskaźników, w tym metali ciężkich mieściły się w granicach dopuszczalnych, wyniki badań wykazały ograniczoną sprawność przesłony chroniącej przed oddziaływaniem składowanych odpadów na środowisko wodne. Z tego względu wskazano na potrzebę poszerzenia zakresu badań w szczególności o testy toksyczności zarówno odcieków, jak i wód.

2

Transfer of Metals from the Soil to Medicago sativa Irrigated with Municipal Landfill Leachate

Belasri Lamiaa, Arabi Mourad, Sabri Safaa, Hmimid Fouzia, Benichou Samah Ait

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 8

336--346

EN

Morocco faces a growing waste issue due to population growth, economic expansion, and industrialization, leading to environmental concerns, especially regarding leachate. From 1986 to 2022, Casablanca's main landfill produced a total of 800,000 m³ of leachate, which was stored in evaporation ponds, posing significant environmental risks. Our research not only concentrates on traditional chemical analyses for leachate assessments but also emphasizes ecosystem interactions. Phytotoxicity tests assess the impact of contaminants, particularly heavy metals, complementing traditional chemical analyses. Our study investigated the accumulation of these contaminants in the soil and their subsequent transfer to plant tissues. This research aimed to examine the accumulation of heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, and Hg, in soils irrigated with varying leachate concentrations (C0: control; C1: 5%; C2: 7%; C3: 10%; and C4: 15%). The experiments involved the cultivation of M. sativa plants under open-field conditions. To assess the transfer of metals from soil to plant tissues, the transfer factor (TF) index was calculated. Our findings revealed that Pb, Cd, and Hg exhibited transfer factor ranges of 0.55–0.93, 0.07 to 0.21, and 0.1 to 0.37, respectively. The accumulation of heavy metals at the different leachate concentrations followed the order Pb>Hg>Cd.

3

Spatio-Temporal Behavior of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Fez Controlled Landfill Leachate

El Machrafi Imane, Baali Abdennasser, Touzani Ibrahim, Ahouach Youssra, Naoura Jamal, Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

1--9

EN

Aiming to preserve and protect the environment, physical and chemical quality of young and mature leachate samples from Fez controlled landfill were studied and assessed. Therefore, leachate samples were taken and analysed during the period of January–September 2022. The physicochemical characterization of both young and mature leachates revealed a significant load of organic matter (biological and chemical oxygen demands: BOD5 and COD) and minerals (NTK and PO43-). In addition, the metallic trace elements (MTEs) concentrations recorded for Cr, Fe, Al and Ni exceeded the threshold levels required in national standards, and their quantitative distribution followed the same pattern at both sites studied: Ni > Fe > Cr > Al > Zn > Pb. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) enabled to reduce the database to a smaller dimension by gathering as much information on their trends and correlations. Two components were selected which account for the sum of 64.06% of the factors.

4

Phytoremediation of Landfill Leachate Using Chlorophytum comosum, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Hippochaetes lymenalis

Ratnawati Rhenny, Nurhayati Indah, Rohim Imam Nur, Adriani Vivin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

124--135

EN

Phytoremediation is an alternative technology for treating leachate by utilizing plants. The objective of this study was to examine the concentrations of total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and cadmium (Cd) in leachate through the phytoremediation process using Chlorophytum comosum, Echinodorus palaefolius, and Hippochaetes lymenalis. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a batch system. The leachate was sourced from the Ngipik Landfill, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia, and was collected from the inlet of the Ngipik Landfill Leachate Treatment Unit. Acclimatization was carried out for 7 days. A range finding test (RFT) was conducted by varying the concentration composition of the leachate compared to tap water, with the planting medium being 25% leachate: 75% tap water, 50% leachate: 50% tap water, 50% leachate: 75% tap water, and 100% leachate: 0% tap water (v/v). The plants used in each reactor weighed 1 kg. The reactors used for the phytoremediation process were plastic boxes with dimensions of 51×32×31 cm. The planting medium consisted of gravel-sized 10–20 mm, with a thickness of 7 cm, and soil with a thickness of 7 cm. This research showed that the average final TSS concentration of the leachate was 25.50 ± 44.37 mg/L. The average TSS reduction efficiency reached 94.90 ±8.87%. The average final TN concentration of the leachate was 409.42 ± 139.19 mg/L, with an average TN reduction efficiency of 89.73 ± 4.62%. The average Cd concentration in the leachate was 0.0012 ± 0.0013 mg/L, with an average Cd concentration reduction efficiency of 92.30 ± 8.48%. The final TSS and Cd concentrations met the leachate quality standards, with values of 100 mg/L and 0.1000 mg/L, respectively. However, the final TN concentration did not meet the leachate quality standards, as the final TN concentration in the leachate was 60 mg/L.

5

Characteristics and Assess the Effectiveness of Microplastics in the Leachate Treatment Plants in Pathumthani, Thailand

Phowan Naphat, Thongchang Kewalee, Jaikaew Piyanuch

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

170--180

EN

Thailand experiences plastic waste and microplastic contamination (MPs) caused by waste disposal and leachate treatment systems. MPs often escaped from the leachate treatment. This research collected leachate and sludge samples from the leachate treatment system. This research aimed to determine the amount and characteristics of MPs and assess the effectiveness of microplastics in the leachate treatment system. The research also aimed to determine the amount of heavy metals deposited on microplastics and assess the exposure to heavy metals from the soil surrounding the leachate utilization. The microplastic samples were analyzed using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to determine the composition and the type of plastic. The heavy metals on microplastics and in the open dumpsite soil were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission (ICP-OES). The study found that the efficiency of removing microplastics in the leachate treatment system was 77.55%. The microplastic content in all leachate sampling locations was 105 ± 11 pieces/l, and microplastics were found at a concentration of 65 ± 3 pieces/kg in the sludge. The detected size of microplastics ranged from 20 to 10 micrometers and fragment shapes were the most common. The composition of the most transparent microplastics was examined, with polyethylene found to be the most prevalent at 30.55%, followed by Polyester at 17.77%. Zinc was the most common heavy metal found, while Cadmium was not detected in either the wastewater or sludge samples on microplastics. Most MPs removed from the leachate accumulate in the sludge, which may pose a risk to the environment. Therefore, a way to deal with the sludge is needed to reduce the contamination of MPs.

6

Analysis of the State of the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, the Composition of the Leachate, and Promising Technologies for its Treatment

Chelyadyn Lubomyr, Khomyn Volodymyr, Slyuzar Andriy, Chelyadyn Volodymyr, Shymanskyi Volodymyr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

132--142

EN

The characteristics of the hydrogeology of the municipal solid waste landfill in Ivano-Frankivsk are given. Accumulation of waste in landfills causes environmental problems due to pollution of the atmosphere, water resources, and soil. It was established that there is practically no contamination of the water horizon with infiltrate. Commissioning of the leachate pipeline, which feeds part of the leachate to the city’s treatment facilities, solves the problem of the accumulation of leachate at the landfill, however, creates an additional burden on these facilities. The composition of the infiltrate was analyzed. It was confirmed that the main harmful pollutants of infiltrates are oil products, nitrogen-containing compounds, dyes, humic compounds, and heavy metals. The main methods of cleaning of infiltrates abroad and in Ukraine are characterized. Based on the analysis of the available impurities, for the purification of the infiltrate, it is proposed to use the technology of physical-electrochemical wastewater treatment, which includes their treatment in electrocoagulators and the separation of coagulated impurities in a thin-layer settling tank. Our studies showed that during infiltrate purification up to normative indicators of its discharge to treatment plants are not reached and it is worth using additional treatment of the infiltrate with oxidizers. As a result of exploratory studies, it is proposed to carry out additional treatment with hypochlorite ions, which can be obtained during the electrolysis of the infiltrate on an inert anode. Cleaning the infiltrate using the described technology will reduce environmental pollution, which means increasing the level of environmental safety of the solid waste landfill.

7

First Assessment of Water Quality Impact from a New Landfill in Tangier, Morocco – Microbial and Metal Contamination

El Gueriri Sanae Ajbar, El Bakkali Imane, Sarti Otmane, El Brigui Jamal, El Mansouri Fouad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

183--193

EN

This research provides the first assessment of the leachate impact on water sources near the newly installed Landfill and Recovery Center (LRC) in Tangier, Morocco, which has been operational since the beginning of 2021. The investigation involved the analysis of microbiological and chemical parameters in water samples from four community wells and five surface water sources in the M’harar and Tahaddart Wadis during the dry season. Chemical analysis focused on detecting heavy metals, which were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Microbiological analysis involved assessing the presence of Fecal Indicator Bacteria utilizing the membrane filtration method. The findings reveal alarmingly high levels of fecal bacteria and distinct spatial water quality patterns, with a notable gradient of bacteriological contamination in groundwater sources surrounding the LRC. The highest concentrations were noted at well P.1, located about 3.6 meters from the LRC, while at well P.4, located 1 km away, there is a regression in bacterial and metal concentration, suggesting leachate percolation, likely due to construction faults and inadequate waste management. The heavy metal concentrations remained below the World Health Organization’s maximum acceptable values. Nevertheless, the overall results of the M’harar and Tahaddart Wadis waters show no leachate runoff. The study highlights the urgent need to improve the installation of proper leachate collection tanks and treatment systems as well as robust environmental monitoring, to protect the ecological integrity of the Biological and Ecological Interest Site (SIBE) of the Tahaddart region and safeguard public health. This study is limited by its focus on a specific geographic area and the timing of sampling, which restricted the groundwater analysis to only four wells. Future research should include sampling across different seasons and a broader range of wells to provide a more comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics.

8

Exploiting Landfill-Derived Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for Simultaneous Biofuel Synthesis and Leachate Remediation

Wusnah Wusnah, Supardan M. Dani, Haryani Sri, Umi Fathanah, Yunardi Yunardi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 8

96--108

EN

Landfill leachate, a complex mixture resulting from decomposing waste, contains suspended and dissolved organic and inorganic compounds. This nutrient-rich environment facilitates the growth of diverse microbial communities that can utilize these compounds for sustenance. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is a yeast with great potential in the field of biotechnology due to its ability to utilize diverse substrates and its strong resistance to environmental stress. This study was aimed at investigating the potential of R. mucilaginosa, a yeast strain isolated from landfill environments, for biofuel production and simultaneous pollutant reduction in leachate. Batch cultivations were conducted using leachate as the sole growth medium. Cultivation was conducted for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days to analyse the lipids from R. mucilaginosa biomass and the degradation of pollutants in the resulting leachate. Additionally, the fuel properties were determined to assess the quality of the biodiesel produced from R. mucilaginosa lipids. The obtained quality was compared with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751), the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8968:2021), and the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from palm oil. Results demonstrated significant lipid accumulation by R. mucilaginosa, reaching 19% (w/w) after 144 hours (6 days) of cultivation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a FAME profile dominated by C16 and C18 fatty acids, suitable for biodiesel production. Concurrently, substantial reductions in leachate pollutant levels were observed, with decreases of 40.43% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 86% for phosphate, 90% for ammonia, 53% for nitrate, and 64% for nitrite. These findings highlight the potential of R. mucilaginosa, isolated from landfill leachate, as a promising bioremediation agent for wastewater treatment and a sustainable source of lipids for renewable energy production.

9

Enhancing Energy Production and Pollutants Removal in Landfill Leachate Using Anode-Modified Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells

Emalya Nikita, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, Munawar Edi, Yunardi Yunardi, Fathanah Umi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

28--37

EN

The utilization of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology presents a paradigm-shifting method for converting the chemical energy obtained from organic and inorganic compounds found in sediment and wastewater substrates into electrical energy. This concept exhibits potential as an environmentally sustainable solution within the future energy sector and presents opportunities for wastewater remediation. This study aims to investigate the influence of anode modification in the SMFC system on generating electrical energy and removing pollutants in landfill leachate. The modification entails synthesizing a nanostructured copper layer on stainless steel (Cu-SS), subsequently compared to the conventional copper (Cu) anode. Results underscore the effectiveness of anode modification, as SMFCs featuring modified anodes exhibit twice the electrical output compared to unmodified counterparts. Modified anode SMFCs yield voltage and current density readings of 615 mV and 17 mA/m2, respectively. In addition to electricity generation, the study delves into the SMFC’s efficacy in nitrogen compound removal. Experimental results unveil the impressive capability of modified anode SMFCs, achieving 81.02% removal of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), while unmodified counterparts reach 76.64%. Furthermore, the removal percentages for ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite compounds within SMFCs equipped with modified anodes are 88%, 51%, and 13%, respectively. This comprehensive analysis underscores the multifaceted benefits of anode modification, amplifying electrical output and enhancing the SMFC’s proficiency in nitrogen compound removal, thereby contributing to its potential applications in developing sustainable wastewater treatment and energy generation systems.

10

Acid Mine Drainage Prevention through the Dry Coating Method Using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

Nugraha Hardian Aries, Setyawan Dwi, Saleh Edward

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

102--111

EN

Acid mine drainage poses a significant challenge in open-pit coal mining, particularly in Indonesia, necessitating the development of effective prevention and control methods. This research aimed to assess the impact of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) coating on the mixing ratio of potentially acid-forming (PAF) and non-acid-forming (NAF) materials using a leaching column over an 8-week period. The results revealed a trend of increasing pH values and decreasing sulfate and metal concentrations in the leachate. Mixing 25% FABA in both PAF scenarios produced leachate with total concentrations of S, Fe, and Mn at 0.026 mg/L, 0.117 mg/L, and 0.677 mg/L, respectively, with a pH close to neutral (6.28). Kinetic tests indicate TDS and EC values in the resulting leachate at 1221 ppm and 2442 μs/m. This study demonstrated that PAF coating using NAF and the fly ash bottom ash (FABA) is an effective method for preventing or minimizing the generation of acid mine drainage.

11

Study on microbioplastic leachates: Released compounds and impact on higher plant growth

Liwarska-Bizukojć Ewa, Bizukojć Marcin

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 3

art. no. e73

EN

The effects of leachates from newly-synthesized bioplastics on the early stages of higher plant growth were studied together with the putative identification of the chemicals in the given microbioplastic leachates. Three polylactide-based bioplastics and pure polylactide (PLA) were subjected to the phytotoxicity tests (1) to determine the intrinsic effects of chemicals on the germination and early growth of plants without prior incorporation of the chemicals into a soil and (2) to find the impact of the chemicals introduced into a soil on the germination and plant growth. Plants Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba were used. For two out of four microbioplastics the total ion chromatograms revealed the presence of chemicals in the leachates. Out of 20 individual m/z values, 6 were putatively attributed to the known compounds. Microbioplastic leachates did not affect seed germination and contributed rather to the stimulation than inhibition of the early plant growth. In the soil tests the inhibition of root and shoot growth of dicotyledons occurred more frequently than in the liquid phase tests. It indicates the potential interactions between the chemicals in the leachates and soil matrix. Dicotyledons were more sensitive than monocotyledons in the evaluation of phytotoxicity of microbioplastic leachates.

12

Experimental analysis of concrete with partial cement replacement using incinerated hospital waste ash

Iqbal Muhammad Shoaib, Bux Qadir, Ali Afsar, Abdullahi Saleh Mamman, Rahman Abdur

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 3

115--127

EN

The annual production of medical waste from healthcare facilities in Pakistan is around 250,000 tons. An effective waste management system is essential for disposing of hazardous medical waste, and incineration is considered the most effective and accessible technology. Disposal of medical waste ash in landfills without proper treatment could lead to groundwater contamination due to leachate. This research paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of using hospital waste ash obtained from the National Cleaner Production Center (NCPC) in Rawalpindi as a partial replacement for cement. The primary variable in this study was the amount of hospital waste ash (0%, 3%, 7%, and 10% by weight of cement), while the amount of cementitious material, water-to-cement ratio, and fine and coarse aggregate content were kept constant. A total of 36 cubes were cast, with nine cubes for each replacement level for curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The slump value and density of fresh concrete decreased with the increase in the proportion of hospital waste ash in the mix. The compressive strength of mixes with 3% hospital waste ash was higher than that of the control mix. The best results (20.13 MPa) were obtained from the 3% mix after 28 days of curing, while the result obtained with the 7% mix was nearly equal to that of the control mix.

PL

Roczna produkcja odpadów medycznych z placówek służby zdrowia w Pakistanie wynosi około 250.000 ton. Skuteczny system zarządzania odpadami jest niezbędny do utylizacji niebezpiecznych odpadów medycznych, a spalanie jest uważane za najbardziej efektywną i dostępną technologię. Składowanie popiołu z odpadów medycznych na wysypiskach bez odpowiedniego przetworzenia może prowadzić do zanieczyszczenia wód gruntowych z powodu odcieków. Niniejszy artykuł badawczy ma na celu ocenę możliwości wykorzystania popiołu ze spalania odpadów szpitalnych, uzyskanego z Krajowego Centrum Produkcji Surowców Wtórnych (NCPC) w Rawalpindi, jako częściowego zamiennika cementu. Główną zmienną w tym badaniu była ilość popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych (0%, 3%, 7% i 10% masy cementu), podczas gdy ilość materiału cementowego, stosunek wody do cementu oraz zawartość drobnego i grubego kruszywa były utrzymywane na stałym poziomie. Łącznie wykonano 36 kostek, po dziewięć dla każdego poziomu zastąpienia, na okresy dojrzewania wynoszące 7, 14 i 28 dni. Wartość opadu stożka i gęstość świeżego betonu zmniejszały się wraz ze wzrostem udziału popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych w mieszance. Wytrzymałość na ściskanie mieszanek z 3% zawartością popiołu z odpadów szpitalnych była wyższa niż w mieszance kontrolnej. Najlepsze wyniki (20,13 MPa) uzyskano dla mieszanki z 3% zawartością po 28 dniach dojrzewania, podczas gdy wynik uzyskany dla mieszanki z 7% zawartością był niemal równy wynikowi mieszanki kontrolnej.

13

Wstępne badania nad możliwością odzysku fosforu w oczyszczalni ścieków jako przykład gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego w kontekście odpadów biogennych

Pyssa Justyna, Małek-Paleń Patrycja

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 11

1203--1209

PL

Fosfor jest mineralnym składnikiem odżywczym koniecznym zarówno dla wzrostu roślin, jak i właściwego funkcjonowania człowieka. Przewiduje się, że złoża fosforytu mogą zostać zużyte w ciągu 100 lat, a duże zasoby fosforu występują jako typowe zanieczyszczenia w zbiornikach wodnych i glebach. W 2014 r. fosfor został zamieszczony w wykazie surowców krytycznych dla Unii Europejskiej. Dlatego niezwykle ważne jest odzyskanie fosforu w kontekście gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym iremediacji środowiska. Jednym z możliwych źródeł dużej dostępności są komunalne osady ściekowe. W pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze techniki stosowane do odzysku fosforu z odcieków, osadów ściekowych oraz popiołu z osadu ściekowego. Zestawiono również wyniki zawartości fosforu w ściekach pochodzących z Oczyszczalni Ścieków Płaszów w Krakowie. Stwierdzono, że w osadach ściekowych i w odciekach znajdują się fosforany w śladowych ilościach. Istnieje możliwość odzysku fosforu z odcieków, osadów ściekowych oraz z popiołów osadów ściekowych.

EN

The test results for the content of total P, orthophosphates, as well as BOD₅ and COD parameters in raw and biol. treated municipal and domestic sewage were obtained from annual reports for 2020-2021 provided by the sewage treatment plant. The content of orthophosphates and total P in raw sewage and sewage after the biological dephosphatation process was analyzed and the degree of P reduction was calculated in the studied time periods. The effectiveness of biological removal of P compounds was assessed based on indicators such as the ratio of BOD₅ :total P, COD:total P and COD:BOD₅.

14

PAHs and organophosphorus substances in burnt landfill material as a potential source of water and soil pollution

Rykała Wojciech, Fabiańska Monika, Dąbrowska Dominika, Nourani Vahid

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 4

art. no. 42

EN

Illegal landfills pose a potential threat to the aquatic environment due, in part, to the unprotected subsoil beneath them. We describe the toxicity of soil samples and incinerated solid waste from two illegal landfills in Poland, and discuss the potential negative impact on groundwater. Fifty samples were taken, including 32 from an illegal landfill in Trzebinia (southern Poland), and analysed by GC-MS. The PAHs detected included naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b+k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)fluoranthene, benzo(c)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene and dibenzo(a+h)anthracene. The organophosphates detected were tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, trisphenyl phosphate, tri-cresyl phosphate, tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. PAHs at <50 ppm/g predominate in the samples, though samples with total PAHs ranging to >100 ppm/g were also identified in both study areas. Among the organic phosphate concentrations in the leachates, tris-(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate was most frequently observed, with concentrations reaching ~0.7 µg/l. These compounds within burnt waste and soil can negatively impact the safety of groundwater. Constant monitoring and research is needed to assess the negative effects of waste fires on unsealed ground beneath, and to help prevent further instances.

15

Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in leachates from autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion as a potential threat to the environment in north-eastern Poland

Boruszko Dariusz, Wojciula Ada

Studia Quaternaria

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2022

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Vol. 39, Nr 1

15--22

EN

This paper presents the concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals in leachates from the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD). The leachates from ATAD installations (Dąbrowa Białostocka, Hajnówka, Pisz, Olecko, Giżycko, Wysokie Mazowieckie) located in Poland were tested. The concentrations of PAHs in samples from Pisz, Giżycko, Wysokie Mazowieckie and Hajnówka were similar to those in industrial wastewater. The cluster analysis confirmed that in sites with a higher polyethylene (p.e.) input from the industrial sector, the leachates were more contaminated with PAH compounds. In samples from Dąbrowa Białostocka, Olecko, Pisz and Hajnówka, the heavy fraction of PAHs compounds prevailed over the light fraction. Concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from ATAD varied. The Ward’s method isolated the wastewater treatment plant in Giżycko. The p.e. from the industrial sector was the highest for this facility. Also, the samples from ATAD had the highest total concentration of heavy metals (5.87 mg/l). The leachates from ATAD are returned to biological systems of municipal sewage treatment plants, where they can be combined into more toxic compounds. Biological wastewater treatment processes do not ensure the removal of PAHs and heavy metals from the wastewater. As a result, harmful compounds can get into the water or ground, polluting the environment.

16

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Leachate from the Moulay Abdallah Technical Landfill Center (Morocco)

Rhoualem Faïza, El Hadiri Hassane, Oukour Nabil, Taouil Hamid, Arouyaa Khalid, Ahmed Said Ibn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

241--248

EN

The physico-chemical characterization of the leachate from the Technical Landfill Center (TLC) of Moulay Abdallah (MA) which is intended for the treatment of Household Waste (HW) and Waste Assimilated to Household Waste (HWA) as well as the elaboration of the results of the study that was carried out on the leachate from the Oum Azza (OA) Technical Landfill allowed comparing the leachate from two TLCs located in two different regions and exploited in two different ways. The parameters studied are Organic Matter (OM), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) concentration, NH4+ ion concentration, conductivity, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Phosphorus (TP) and pH. The choice of these parameters comes down to their usefulness for the sizing of the leachate purification processes (PP) of the leachates of Moroccan typology, produced by the population of a coastal city. The results of the analyses show that the leachates from the two TLCs have almost the same physico-chemical characteristics. Depending on the method of management of the leachate (storage or direct discharge to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), the evolution over time of these characteristics differed from one TLC to the other and all of the main leachate parameters from the TLC MA have all tended to increase over the time of operation. This is in contrast to the leachate parameters from the OA TLC, which all tended to decrease.

17

Impact of Landfill Leachate on Groundwater Quality – A Comparison Between Three Different Landfills in Morocco

Benaddi Rabia, Ferkan Yousra, Bouriqi Abdelillah, Ouazzani Naaila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

89--94

EN

In this work, physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of leachate collected from three different landfills in the Marrakech region in Morocco were carried out. The results showed that the leachate is highly loaded with organic matter, chemical and bacteriological elements and some heavy metals, this load depends of the nature of landfill (rural or urban) and also of its age (young or old), the values of the parameters exceed the limit values for discharge into the natural medium. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of groundwater from wells downstream of these landfills were also carried out; The results showed that they had medium to poor quality according to the type of landfill. This is due to the presence of organic matter, total coliforms, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in many studied wells.

18

Ocena wpływu odcieków składowiskowych na przyrost wierzby energetycznej

Nowak Rafał

Instal

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2022

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nr 12

14--16

PL

Uprawa na szeroką skalę wierzby wiciowej, zwanej energetyczną (Salix viminalis) może przyczynić się do ograniczenia kryzysu paliwowego spowodowanego obecną sytuacją geopolityczną oraz zmniejszyć import paliw stałych do Polski. Za takim rozwiązaniem, oprócz aspektów czysto politycznych, przemawiają niskie koszty inwestycyjne, prostota uprawy oraz szybki przyrost biomasy wierzby. Szczególnie przydatne może okazać się zastosowanie odcieków składowiskowych do intensyfikacji uprawy, zamiast nawozów sztucznych. Odcieki, będące wodami odpadowymi powstającymi na składowiskach odpadów komunalnych, charakteryzują się obecnością w wysokich stężeniach związków azotu oraz mikroelementów niezbędnych do rozwoju roślin zielonych, dlatego też wykorzystanie ich uważa się za celowe.

EN

The large-scale cultivation of the energy willow (Salix viminalis) can contribute the fuel crisis caused by the current geopolitical situation and reduce the need to import solid fuels to Poland. Apart from purely political aspects, such a solution is supported by low investment costs, simplicity of cultivation, and a rapid increase in willow biomass. Using landfill leachate to intensify cultivation instead of artificial fertilizers can be particularly useful. The leachate, wastewater generated in municipal landfills, is characterized by high concentrations of nitrogen compounds and micronutrients necessary for developing green plants. Therefore their use is considered advisable.

19

Leachate Monitoring and an Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Tangier Landfill

Elmaghnougi Ikram, Tribak Abdelghani Afailal, Maatouk Mustapha

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

111--130

EN

Leachate from public landfill in the city of Tangier, which is neither collected nor treated, could constitute a probable source of pollution of the groundwater table and of those of the Mlalah and Khandak Bou Hajjar wadis in the east, and the Mghogha and Ghir Boudra wadis to the south. This work aims to analyze the level of contamination at Tangier’s municipal waste disposal. The leachate samples were collected and analyzed during the period from 2016 to 2019 and the physicochemical parameters (humidity, pH, organic matter, etc.) were determined on these samples as well as the contents of five heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, chrome and zinc). Analysis of the well water shows the presence of polluting elements in the leachate water and a high concentration of metals (especially iron) that exceeds standards. This makes the effluent extremely toxic and thus presents a permanent threat to the health of the local population and the surrounding environment.

20

Integrated Aerobic-Reagent Technology for the Pre-Treatment of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Malovanyy Myroslav, Zhuk Volodymyr, Boichyshyn Lidiya, Tymchuk Ivan, Vronska Nataliya, Grechanik Ruslan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

135--141

EN

Accumulation of leachate at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a significant environmental problem. The analysis of known technologies of leachate treatment was performed. It was established that it is not effective to use the same technology to treat leachate in two different periods: before the landfill closure and reclamation process as well as afterwards. The application of integrated two-stage aerobic-reagent pre-treatment technology with subsequent full treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants was proposed for these purposes. The results of laboratory studies of optimal parameters of technology realization for the pre-treatment of Lviv MSW landfill leachate were presented. Recommendations for the practical implementation of the combined two-stage aerobicreagent technology for the landfill leachate pre-treatment were developed.