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1

Analysis of epoxy damage during the double cantilever beam test

Kłonica Mariusz, Samborski Sylwester, Skoczylas Jakub, Paśnik Jakub

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 2

393--406

EN

In the study, acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied to monitor polymer failures. Specimens produced of two aluminum flat bars bonded together with a thick layer of cured epoxy resin were subjected to Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test. Epidian 5 epoxy resin cured with PAC curing agent as well as Epidian 53 epoxy resin cured with Z1 curing agent were used as adhesives. However, a special procedure of specimens preparation was needed which was elaborated by authors after preliminary research including aditional analysis of surface roughness parameters and surface free energy of aluminum flat bars. Acoustic emission system was then used to register AE signal parameters during fracture test: frequency of elastic waves emitted inside the material, number of hits (event), number of counts, energy and amplitude. Next, the obtained AE parameters were deeply analyzed and compared to the results of mechanical test and authors’ previously conducted examinations. Moreover, a special emphasis was put on applicability of Wawelet Transform (WT) as well as numerical simulation for fracture analysis was conducted.

2

Badania zmian w strukturze płyt włóknisto-cementowych poddanych oddziaływaniom wybranych czynników eksploatacyjnych

Gorzelańczyk Tomasz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2024

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R. 95, nr 3

110--115

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu zamrażania-rozmrażania oraz naświetlania promieniowaniem UV w komorze starzeniowej na strukturę płyt włóknisto-cementowych. W celu wykazania wpływu wyżej wymienionych czynników płyty w pierwszej kolejności przebadano z wykorzystaniem metody emisji akustycznej w próbie trójpunktowego zginania. Badania te wykazały wyraźny spadek liczby zarejestrowanych zdarzeń EA dla badanych płyt, szczególnie dla tych, które były poddane oddziaływaniu cykli zamrażania-rozmrażania w porównaniu z płytami referencyjnymi. Następnie w celu dokładniejszego zobrazowania zmian zachodzących w strukturze badanych płyt przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego SEM.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the effect of cyclic freeze-thaw and UV irradiation on the structure of fibre-cement boards in an aging chamber. In order to demonstrate the impact of the above-mentioned factors, the panels were first tested using the acoustic emission method in the three-point bending test. These studies showed a clear decrease in the number of recorded EA events for the tested boards, especially for those that were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles compared to the reference boards. Then, in order to more accurately illustrate the changes occurring in the structure of the tested boards, tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

3

Phase transformations in alloy steel containing boron using dilatometry and acoustic emission

Łazarska Małgorzata, Piotrowska Aleksandra, Paciorek-Sadowska Joanna, Ranachowski Zbigniew

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2024

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Vol. 26, nr 4

34--38

EN

The tests were carried out for the selected 27MnCrB5-2 alloy steel with the addition of boron. The paper presents the kinetics of the ferritic transformation occurring under continuous cooling conditions. The temperatures of the beginning and end of the transformation of supercooled austenite were determined using a dilatometer. In addition, a waveguide and an acoustic sensor were installed in the device to receive acoustic emission signals. The results in the form of dilatometric curves were additionally confirmed by the obtained acoustic emission signals. Based on the obtained microstructural results, it can be concluded that in the hardening process of 27MnCrB5-2 steel at the applied temperatures, complex transformations of austenite into ferrite and bainite occur. The use of acoustic methods in the field of phase transformation issues creates the possibility of their application in industry.

4

Laboratory study of dynamic fracture in pre-drilled boreholes and associated host rock behaviour

Zhang Cheng Guo, Gu Xuebin, Guo Weiyao, Gong Xufei, Fang Hengyu, Huang He

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2024

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Vol. 62 nr 1

47--60

EN

To better understand the influence of the openings and their relationship with the host rock, laboratory tests were conducted on a range of sandstone specimens with different proportions of D/H (hole diameter/specimen height) ratio. Acoustic emission (AE) and video monitoring were used to capture the rock specimen responses. The results showed that if the D/H ratio was less than 0.3, the fracture mode occurred in the hole, indicating that this was an appropriate ratio. In addition, the “short quiet period” of AE energy can be used as a precursor for determining the burst in the opening.

5

Some aspects of monitoring of different processes in agriculture using acoustic emission phenomena

Barwicki Jan, Borek Kinga, Mazur Kamila

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 1

23--27

EN

The technique of acoustic emission has been shown to be useful for monitoring and measurement of transportation and mixing of feed concentrates and other ingredients. This method is ideally suited for flow/no flow alarm indicators, requiring no calibration and only basic electronic support. If the method is to be used for analysis of mixtures, the components must be sufficiently different in particle size or density. Besides that, the detection of particle breakdown and damage should be possible.

PL

Wykazano, że technika emisji akustycznej jest przydatna do monitorowania i pomiaru transportu oraz mieszania koncentratów paszowych i innych składników. Metoda ta idealnie nadaje się do wskaźników alarmowych przepływu/braku przepływu, nie wymagając kalibracji i jedynie podstawowego wsparcia elektronicznego. Jeżeli metoda ma być stosowana do analizy mieszanin, składniki muszą różnić się dostatecznie wielkością cząstek lub gęstością. Poza tym powinno być możliwe wykrywanie rozkładu i uszkodzeń cząstek.

6

Pomiar emisji akustycznej w czasie próbnego obciążenia nowego mostu na Odrze we Wrocławiu

Kliński Maksymilian, Panek Maciej

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2024

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R. 80, nr 3

133--140

PL

Technika emisji akustycznej służy monitorowaniu uszkodzeń poprzez analizę zdarzeń wewnątrz materiału. Podczas próbnego obciążenia czujniki umieszczono przy zworniku przęsła. Analiza sygnałów wykazała potencjalne uszkodzenia. Wartości sygnałów porównywano z kryteriami oceny stanu konstrukcji żelbetowych. Regularne pomiary pozwalają śledzić możliwe uszkodzenia, a połączenie z innymi metodami oceny stanu konstrukcji zwiększa ich skuteczność.

EN

The acoustic emission method is applied for damage monitoring through the analysis of internal events within the material. Sensors were placed at the cantilever joint during the proof loading. Signal analysis revealed potential damages. Signal values were compared against criteria for assessing the condition of reinforced concrete structures. Regular measurements detect potential damages, and combining this technique with other methods enhances its efficiency.

7

Metoda oceny poziomu i ilości osadu w zbiornikach magazynowych ropy naftowej

Baran Ireneusz, Klimek Zbigniew, Nowak Marek

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2024

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nr 3-4

21-25

PL

Podczas magazynowania ropy naftowej, zwłaszcza w dużych zbiornikach magazynowych, systematycznie na dnie osadzają się cząstki organiczne o wysokiej masie cząsteczkowej (np. parafina), cząstki stałe (piasek, produkty korozji, itp.), jak również woda. Po pewnym okresie eksploatacji zbiornika cząstki te gromadząc się, tworzą osady, co powoduje m.in. zmniejszenie pojemności magazynowej. Istotna jest więc wiedza o kształcie i objętości osadów na dnie zbiornika, gdyż pozwala na określanie najlepszej formy przeciwdziałania i kontrolowania poziomu tych osadów. W 2017 roku UDT rozpoczął projekt opracowania systemu oceny poziomu i ilości osadów w zbiornikach magazynowych ropy naftowej, z wykorzystaniem techniki AE i termografii. W kolejnych latach realizacji projektu opracowano kompletną metodykę i procedurę oceny poziomu, objętości i kształtu osadów oraz proces weryfikacji wyników. W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie techniki AE i metody termografii oraz analizę i przetwarzanie danych pomiarowych w ramach systemu do oceny poziomu, objętości i kształtu osadów wewnątrz zbiornika magazynowego.

EN

When crude oil is stored in large tanks, invariably high-molecular-weight organic sediments (paraffin) are deposited but the resulting sediments also contain solid particles (sand, corrosion products, etc.) as well as water. After some period of in-service of the tank, these deposits build up to form a sludge, which causes reduction in the storage capacity. Knowledge of the shape and volume of the sludge at the bottom of the tank is important, as it allows determining the best form of counteracting and controlling the level of sludge. In 2017 the Office of Technical Inspection launched a project to develop a system for assessing the level and quantity of sludge in crude oil storage tanks, using the AE technique and thermography. In the following years of duration of the project, a complete methodology and procedure for assessing the level, volume and shape of sludges was developed, as well as a process of verifying the results. In this paper are presented the use of AE technique and thermography method as well as the analysis and processing of measurement data within the system for assessing the level, volume and shape of sludge inside a storage tank.

8

Comparative Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals from On-Load Tap-Changers for Potential Detecting of Non-Simultaneous Operations

Cichoń Andrzej, Borucki Sebastian, Włodarz Michał

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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Vol. 49, nr 2

277--286

EN

The research reported in this paper deals with the potential of detecting non-simultaneous operation in on-load tap-changer (OLTC) using an acoustic emission method. Tests conducted under laboratory conditions were carried out using an OLTC model. Three transducers with different characteristics were used: WD 17 AH, D9241A, and R15α, alongside oscillography as the reference method. The use of two new descriptors in the time domain was proposed. The feasibility of detecting the defect with different piezoelectric transducers was investigated. As a result of the analysis of the results, it was found that each piezoelectric transducer can identify nonsimultaneous operation of the switch. The most significant changes in descriptor values occurred in the time domain, and the most effective transducer turned out to be R15α.

9

Multi-symptom measurement based fault detection of the PEM fuel cell system

Polak Adam, Kluczyk Marcin

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2023

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Vol. 33, no. 2

197--205

EN

The proper functioning of the fuel cell system depends on the proper operation of all its subsystems. One of the key subsystems is the oxidant supply system, which is responsible for supplying oxygen for the electrochemical reaction taking place in the cell. It also transports the reaction products, i.e., water, outside the fuel cell stack, and in some cases removes excess heat generated in the stack. Changes in the technical condition of machine individual elements always result in changes in operating or residual parameters; however, it is necessary to select appropriate diagnostic methods to be able to use these changes to assess the machine’s technical condition. This article presents the results of research focused on assessing the possibilities of diagnosing the oxidant supply subsystem, in particular, too low an oxidant flow leading to oxygen starvation and cathode flooding, based on the analysis of the voltage occurring in individual cells of the stack as well as on the basis of vibration and acoustic emission (AE) measurements. The presented results show that the faulty operation of that system can be indicated either through electrical and vibroacoustic/acoustic emission measurements.

10

Przegląd nowoczesnych metod nieniszczących wykorzystywanych do badania płyt włóknisto-cementowych

Gorzelańczyk Tomasz, Schabowicz Krzysztof

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2023

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nr 1-4

30--36

PL

W artykule przedstawiono i omówiono wybrane nowoczesne metody nieniszczące wykorzystywane do badania materiałów kompozytowych jakim są płyty włóknisto-cementowe. Omówiono metodę ultradźwiękową, w tym również z wykorzystaniem fal Lamba, metodę emisji akustycznej, metodę terahercową i metodę optyczną z wykorzystaniem elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego SEM. Wszystkie te metody zostały z powodzeniem wykorzystane w badaniach, w tym również w badaniach własnych autorów, co jednoznacznie potwierdza ich przydatność w badaniu płyt włóknisto-cementowych.

EN

The article presents and discusses selected modern non-destructive methods used to test composite materials such as fiber-cement boards. The ultrasonic method, including the Lamb wave method, the acoustic emission method, the terahertz method and the optical method using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) are discussed. All these methods have been successfully used in research, including the authors' own research, which clearly confirms their usefulness in the study of fiber-cement boards.

11

Influence of Acoustic Emission Signals and Damage Analysis During the Tensile Test on Al8011 Hybrid Composites by Stir Casting Method

Kannan C. R., Suresh S., Navaneetha Krishnan M.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 1

223--235

EN

Metal network compounds have primary properties. The use of lightweight and low vitality is a testament to the growing interest in the automotive industry. Aluminum alloys, due to their advanced physical, mechanical and tribological properties, have become a highly emerging material for a variety of industrial applications and the importance of efficient material selection is explained. In this paper, an Al8011 hybrid metal matrix composite is developed through the stir casting process. The different weight proportions of B4C (3%, 6%, 9% & 12%) and fixed proportions of 2% MoS2 have been used. Composite developed are subjected to mechanical properties evaluation and seawater corrosion studies following standard procedures. To study the porosity of the composite samples, theoretical density and actual density are calculated. An acoustic emission system-assisted tensile test is carried out to report the strength of the composite. From this experimental method, adding reinforcement can increase the tensile strength and hardness of the composites. Under sea water, the increase in reinforcement found an increase in corrosion resistance. Fractured surfaces were perused using SEM and EDS analysis.

12

Application of Improved b-Value and Clustering Analysis for Structural Integrity Assessment of CFRP Specimen under Tensile Loading

Šofer Michal, Kwiatoń Paweł, Pavlíček Pavel

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 3

1017--1023

EN

In the present study, the evolution of different failure mechanisms in carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is being investigated using acoustic emission technique, unsupervised clustering technique and improved b-value analysis. The experimental part involved the realization of tensile tests of different materials, namely samples with [0/90]2S uniaxial layer configuration and [0/90]2S twill fabric samples. Both types of tests were monitored using one wideband acoustic emission sensor, while the tensile tests of twill fabric samples were additionally supplemented with resonant acoustic emission sensor to perform a comparative analysis between datasets from resonant/wideband acoustic emission sensor. The comparative study itself was preceded by the failure mechanisms characterization process, which has been performed on the tensile test dataset of [0/90]2S layer configuration with the contribution of clustering technique. The subsequent analysis of the twill fabric resonant/wideband acoustic emission sensor datasets included the improved b-value technique, which relates the magnitude of fracture with the slope of the amplitude distribution. The presented results, especially in terms of the improved b-value technique applied to individual clusters, show enhanced ability to assess in more detail the actual structural integrity depending on the applied load.

13

Acoustic Emission and Infrared Thermography Study of Low Strain Tensile Behaviour of AISI 304L Stainless Steel

Sapietová Alžbeta, Raček Marek, Dekýš Vladimir, Sapieta Milan, Sága Milan, Šofer Pavel

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 2

463--468

EN

In-situ study of deformation behaviour and mechanisms occurring during early stages of deformation is of a great practical importance. Low stacking fault energy materials, as is the case of AISI 304L, show non-linear deformation characteristics way below the bulk yield point. Shockley partial dislocations, formation of stacking faults respectively, resulting in creation of shear bands and ε-martensite transformation are the mechanisms occurring in the low strains in the studied steel. Acoustic emission and infrared thermography have been used in this study to investigate the deformation kinetics at the low strain stages of slow strain rate tensile tests. Acoustic emission cumulative energy together with the tracking of specimen maximum temperature have been found to be very useful in-situ techniques both supplementing each other in the sense of the sensitivity to different mechanisms. Mechanical, acoustic emission and infrared thermography results are discussed in detail with respect to potential occurred mechanism.

14

Failure study of weathered granite based on critical slowing down theory and acoustic emission b-value

Huang Qizheng, Zhao Kang, Yan Yajing, Wu Jun, Nie Qiang, Chen Jiale, Xiao Weiling, Wang Huiping

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e196, 2023

EN

To investigate the precursor characteristics of failure of weathered granite (WG), we conducted uniaxial compression tests on WG specimens using the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system and the PCI-II acoustic emission (AE) device. We analyzed the AE parameters based on the critical slowing down (CSD) and AE b-value theoretical methods. The study shows that the peak strain value of WG under uniaxial compression is < 1% and the stress falls off rapidly after the peak, and the specimen mainly undergoes brittle failure. The failure process can be divided into four stages: compression stage, elastic deformation stage, plastic development stage, and post-peak failure stage, in which the compression stage lasts longer. The ringing count rate and its cumulative amount can effectively indicate the process of WG failure during loading. As the failure nears, microcracks within the WG accumulate and expand, leading to the appearance of macroscopic cracks. At the same time, the cumulative ringing count rate increases rapidly while the ringing count rate converges to the peak. Furthermore, the rapid increase of autocorrelation coefficient and variance obtained from the CSD theory analysis of ringing counts can be used as a precursor signal of WG failure. The “inflection point” before the sharp rise of the variance curve can be regarded as an early warning point of failure. Based on the characteristic that the b-value shows a large rate fluctuation decrease before the failure of WG, the autocorrelation coefficient and variance variation law obtained by CSD theory and the early warning point are analyzed simultaneously with the b-value variation law, which can accurately grasp the failure characteristics of WG in mines.

15

Deformation and failure laws and acoustic emission characteristics of low‑strength molybdenum ore

Zhao Kang, Yang Jian, Song Yufeng, Wang Qing, Zhao Kangqi, Ji Yongbo

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 2

art. no. e74, 2023

EN

Uniaxial compression acoustic emission (AE) tests were conducted on low-strength molybdenum ore (LSMO) to investigate its deformation and failure laws and AE characteristics. The stress-strain curve and AE parameter data of LSMOs were obtained by uniaxial compression AE test, and the relationships of stress, AE parameter, amplitude fractal dimension, and AE b value with loading time were analyzed accordingly to obtain the general law of their deformation and failure and a series of AE characteristics. The research shows that under the action of uniaxial stress, the failure mode of LSMOs mainly shows brittle failure, and the failure form mainly shows monoclinic shear failure. The stress-strain curve shows obvious plastic-elastic deformation, the plastic deformation time is long, and the division of each stage of deformation failure is not obvious. The simultaneous occurrence of large surges in ringing count and energy to higher orders of magnitude can be used as precursor information for failure destabilization of LSMOs. The evolution process of AE parameters of LSMO corresponds well with its deformation and failure process, and the variation pattern of ringing counts and energy shows a high consistency. With increasing stress, the amplitude correlation dimension and b value are mainly in the form of "falling-rising-falling-fluctuating". The results of the study can provide some theoretical basis for the assessment of the stability of the mine surrounding rock and the determination of a reasonable and effective reinforcement plan.

16

Combined experimental–numerical mode I fracture characterization of the pultruded composite bars

Smolnicki Michał, Duda Szymon, Zielonka Paweł, Stabla Paweł, Lesiuk Grzegorz, Lopes Cristiane Caroline Campos

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, no. 3

art. no. e146, 2023

EN

In this paper, pultruded GFRP bars are investigated to determine their fracture properties. The double cantilever beam test (DCB) is used to assess fracture behavior under mode I loading conditions. However, due to the presence of the R-curve effect (variable fracture energy dependent on the length of the crack), it is necessary to introduce a nonstandard approach to determine fracture properties. The mixed experimental–numerical approach is proposed to deal with this issue. Numerical simulations were carried out in Simulia Abaqus, and with Python scripting it was possible to generate models and obtain R-curve for the material. The numerical model built based on the experimental results has very good agreement with it (force–displacement and delamination length–time characteristics) which allows the use of the mentioned model in the analysis of more complex structures. Acoustic emission analysis was introduced as an auxiliary technique. The delamination obtained from both the numerical model and the experiment complies with the registered acoustic emission events. The proposed method can be used in preparing a material model for other composite materials, which display the presence of the R-curve effect.

17

Acoustic emission with machine learning in fracture of composites: preliminary study

Smolnicki Michał, Duda Szymon, Stabla Paweł, Zielonka Paweł, Lesiuk Grzegorz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 4

art. e254, 1--18

EN

In this paper, preliminary studies on the failure analysis of hybrid composite materials utilizing acoustic emission and machine learning are presented. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the possibilities of using machine learning techniques as a way to better cluster the data obtained from acoustic emission. In this paper, we focus on data preparation, feature extraction (Laplacian score), determination of cluster number (Caliński-Harabasz, Silhouette, and Davies-Bouldin), and testing three clustering techniques, namely K-means, fuzzy C-means, and spectral clustering. The dataset was obtained by testing fber metal laminates-composites consisting of metal and composite layers. Two experimental tests were realized on pre-cracked rectangular specimens-one with loading in mode I and one with loading in mode II (DCB-double cantilever beam and ENF-end-notch fexural test). Elastic waves were recorded during these tests via an acoustic emission system. Preliminary studies show that the proposed method can be used successfully to cluster data obtained in this way. The obtained dataset was split into 3 clusters (for the ENF test) and 5 clusters (DCB test). In the next stages of the research campaign, based on the presented results, we intend to change the approach to semi-supervised by running additional single cause damage tests to enhance the achieved results and enable easier damage recognition.

18

Numerical Analysis of Lamb Wave Propagation in Composite Plate with Different Fiber Orientation Angles – Acoustic Emission Approach

Rzeczkowski Jakub

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 5

104--113

EN

This paper aims at numerical finite element (FEM) research of guided Lamb waves propagation in multidirectional composite plates. All simulations were conducted in the Abaqus/CAE software by using the dynamic/explicit solver. The material considered in this work was carbon/epoxy composite laminate with [90⁰/θ/θ/θ/-θ/-θ/-θ/90⁰] stacking sequence where θ set was equal 0⁰, 30⁰, 45⁰, 60⁰ and 90⁰. The main goal of the analysis was to evaluate the influence of fiber orientation angles θ on propagation behavior of the separate symmetric S0 and asymmetric A0 Lamb wave modes. Numerical model was created by using the C3D8R brick element. The Lamb waves were generated by using concentrated force with 200 kHz frequency. The acoustic signal generated by travelling wave was registered at two nodes that represent the acoustic emission sensors. Obtained results were presented in tabular form where separate mode velocities were collected and on the normalized displacement versus time plots depicted registered wave signals. In addition, the contour diagrams and through-thickness deformations plots were created to present behavior of the extensional and the flexural modes. The greatest value of the S0 mode velocity was obtained for unidirectional laminates whereas the lowest for composite plate with 45⁰ fiber orientation angle. The asymmetric mode found to generate slightly greater deformation of plate in XZ plane than the symmetric. Recognition of the Lamb wave behavior in multidirectional laminates will allow to better planning the experimental acoustic emission tests.

19

Application of the Acoustic Emission Technique for Damage Identification in the Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Samborski Sylwester, Korzec Izabela

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 1

210--221

EN

A set of experiments having in target determination of fracture resistance was performed on the Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites specimens with an additional monitoring of damage onset and evolution with a so-called Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. The AE technique is a non-destructive material testing method, which enables registering the phenomena usually not audible with a human ear - the frequency bands lay between 100 and 1000kHz. For the FRP composites this enables monitoring various damage phenomena - matrix cracking, delamination, fiber cracking etc. by acquisition and subsequent analysis of several AE parameters: number of hits, number of counts, amplitude or energy of the signal. In the paper advantages of a deeper analysis of the raw AE signal was presented with an application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), leading to a more detailed damage identification along the whole loading procedure. The study proved the usability of the AE method in damage monitoring of the FRPs; a bundle of illustrative examples of chosen acoustic emission parameters’ evolution displayed on the background of the load applied to composite specimens was presented and interpreted.

20

Testing of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers Using Acoustic Emission

Kowalczyk Dariusz

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2022

|

Z. 197

161--174

EN

The article describes the tests of prestressed concrete sleepers made according to the method specified in the requirements of the European standards (EN 13230-2:2009 Railway applications – Track – Concrete sleepers and bearers – Part 2: Prestressed monoblock sleepers) and WTWiO regulations, and an additional measurement method was used – acoustic emission (AE). The purpose of the tests using the acoustic emission method was to verify the results obtained using other test methods described in the European standard. The use of this method in sleeper tests enables obtaining precise data from the sleeper load test and determination of the characteristic parameters based on the recorded AE signals. Due to the variety of existing sleepers and the development of products in this area: wooden sleepers, composite sleepers, steel sleepers (type Y), the use of the acoustic emission method in research will be a good support and will enable proper assessment of these elements of the railway road.