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EN
The study is motivated by the considerations concerning implementation of nonuniform sampling regarding the reallife objects. It is shown that nonuniform adaptive sampling switch algorithm can ensure a reduction in the number of taken samples and does not exert negative influence on the quality of the system control. Experiment was performed with 24VDC permanent magnet motor with encoder as a plant. Signals from the encoder were used for rotational speed calculations. The results of experiment are included.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono, bazując na uregulowaniach prawnych obowiązujących w naszym kraju, specyfikę organizacji ochrony danych osobowych w organizacji zhierarchizowanej na przykładzie jednostki wojskowej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rolę i zadania administratora danych osobowych, wymaganą dokumentację i zasady przetwarzania danych osobowych w jednostce wojskowej.
PL
Coraz bardziej powszechna obecność urządzeń i systemów elektronicznych w życiu człowieka powoduje, że przedstawiciele kilku ostatnich pokoleń podejmują próby opisania zjawisk zachodzących z ich udziałem. Próby te, podejmowane w celu usystematyzowania postrzegania nowego – w stosunku do istnienia gatunku ludzkiego – „świata” urządzeń i systemów elektronicznych na tle innych aktywności ludzkich, mocno komplikuje fakt jego dynamicznego rozwoju. Autorzy, na bazie bogatego doświadczenia zebranego w ramach wieloletniej pracy związanej z wykorzystaniem urządzeń i systemów elektronicznych, uważają, iż należy opracować nowe podstawy teoretyczne (w tym aparat pojęciowy), bardziej uniwersalne od obecnie istniejących. W niniejszym artykule autorzy proponują wprowadzenie nazwy „środowiska elektronicznego”, będącej synonimem miejsca prowadzenia części działań militarnych, w którym wykorzystuje się urządzenia i systemy elektroniczne. Uzasadniają również w obszerny sposób przyjęty punkt widzenia oraz wykazują zasadność proponowanych zmian.
EN
The increasingly widespread presence of electronic equipment and systems in human life has led representatives of several human generations to attempt to describe this phenomena. These efforts, undertaken in order to systematise the perception of the new - in relation to the existence of the human species - ‘world’ of devices and electronic systems on a background of other human activities, are greatly complicated by dynamic developments. The authors, based on extensive experience gained in the context of many years of work involving the use of electronic equipment and systems, believe that it is necessary to develop a new theoretical basis (including conceptual apparatus), more versatile than currently existing ones. In this article, they propose to introduce the term ‘electronic environment’, which is synonymous with the place for conducting part of military action, which uses electronic devices and systems. They also justify the adopted point of view in a comprehensive manner and demonstrate the merits of the proposed changes.
EN
The article shows the exemplary use of qualitative and quantitative methods to conduct analysis, interpretation and presentation of research results in the field of social sciences. The creation of the Ishikawa diagram and the way the Pareto-Lorenz analysis is conducted, as well as the mutual relationship between these methods while interpreting research results, has been discussed in detail. The possibilities of the practical use of the methods above have been presented in the example of the analysis of the report on Causes of Unjust Convictions in Poland by the Civil Development Forum.
EN
The paper presents selected aspects of the use of modern business intelligence tools in military applications. It shows a concept of integrated IT systems of management supported by the tools of business intelligence. The article presents a broad spectrum of the use of these tools in business planning. It introduces the possible areas of military applications of these solutions in the context of the process of the integration of the command systems used in the Polish Armed Forces, which has lasted for many years.
6
Content available remote Platforma symulatora heterogenicznego środowiska symulacyjnego
PL
Platforma symulatora heterogenicznego środowiska symulacyjnego jest rozwiązaniem zapewniającym możliwość prowadzenia procesu podejmowania decyzji na współczesnym polu walki w dobie osiągania zdolności sieciocentrycznych.
EN
A simulator platform of a heterogenic simulation environment is a solution which enables the conduction of a decision making process on the contemporary battlefield as part of the achievement of a network centric capability. Decisions made in this process, owing to the application of modern simulation solutions are burdened with a relatively low level of risk for the operations’ success, which is directly expressed by the reduction of losses in people and equipment. The armed forces are now involved in a wide scope of activities (military and peaceful) which results in a serious demand for the support of the activities with the use of simulation platforms. Thanks to the application of the heterogenic simulator, the army planning proces can use different, complicated and expensive simulation systems, installed in a safe place, without the necessity of their installation in the region of operations where they could be destroyed as a result of operations.
EN
The article presents selected problems concerning teleinformatic network organization for crisis management needs in the province (voyvodship) area. Basing on assessed information needs of crisis management bodies organized in the province, that may function in a standard and emergency modes, modern electronic communication services and teleinformatic network structure have been defined. The teleinformatic network for crisis management in the province was based on just being implemented by the Ministry of the Interior program of Polish regional, district (poviat), municipal and communal teleinformatic networks organized by local government bodies.
8
Content available remote Założenia operacyjne symulatora heterogenicznego środowiska symulacyjnego
EN
The simulation environment heterogenic simulator platform is a solution which ensures the possibility of conducting a decision-making process on a contemporary battlefield in the time of achieving centric network capabilities. Decisions made in this process, owing to the application of the modern simulation solution are burdened with a relatively low level of risk for the operations’ success, which is directly expressed by the reduction of losses in people and equipment. The armed forces are now involved in a wide scope of activities (military and peaceful), which results in a serious demand for the support of the activities with the use of simulation platform. Thanks to the application of the heterogenic simulator, the army, for the planning process, can use different, complicated and expensive simulation systems, installed in a safe place, without the necessity of their installation in the region of operations where they could be destroyed as a result of operations.
9
Content available remote Współczesna sieć teleinformatyczna związku taktycznego wojsk lądowych
EN
Selected problems of the modern teleinformatic network of land force’s brigade and division are presented in the article. A special attention is drawn to explaining notions from convergent areas of telecommunication and informatics. A general structure of teleinformatic network is suggested. Its components are characterised. Then the material basis to build particular components of the network is shows, i.e. teleinformatic devices and assets: teletransmission ones (radio lines, cable, radio and satellite), commutation ones (switchboards, terminal equipment, rooters), final ones (devices, computers, terminals) and special ones (cryptography devices).
10
Content available remote Znaczenie rażenia elektronicznego we współczesnych operacjach
EN
This article presents the results of researches in the field of electronic destruction in contemporary operations. It has been proved that electronic destruction is becoming an important part of contemporary operations, especially in net-centric warfare and as such it has to be taken into consideration as an activity of both enemy and own armed forces. Hence, the position and role of electronic destruction in net-centric warfare has been defined and its division has been presented. As a result, the range of individual components, i.e. interference, electronic deception and neutralization were discussed. It was defined that actions taken within the confines of individual components of electronic destruction consist in disorganization of surveillance, communications and armament guiding equipment during the time essential for undertaking fire strikes on different enemy objects or in the permanent destruction of these objects by electromagnetic energy of high density power, comparable to the energy of electromagnetic impulse accompanying nuclear explosion. The author highly values the results of researches concerning future ways of electronic destruction, which destroy elements of electronic systems and disorganize information and information-managing processes, essential for commanding the armed forces and guiding the armament.
EN
The article features the conditions of centric network operations determining net-centric organisations of command system and its teleinformatic networks. The author’s considerations take into account the fact that the inseparable part of network centric is information domain, the basis of which is Global Information Grid (GIG) and its physical platform is the teleinformatic network capable of ensuring the real functioning of this concept. As a consequence of the mentioned above assumption, there were specified network centric operations’ characteristics and factors which may affect command, control and communications. Also the specific character of net-centric command system organisation was defined and features of teleinformatic networks organised in net-centric operations were presented.
EN
The article presents a general outline of the decision making process in information defence in land forces' corps' defensive actions. It has been shown that the decision making process is an integral part of the command process that should be conducted by the corps' staff due to binding procedures and techniques. It has been assumed that its planning and organisation will be carried out in a centralised way regardless the fact that information defence includes various endeavours mentioned in previous parts of the article and various forms of activity that in the course of defence operations will be conducted by many performers. The theoretical considerations are supported by basic documents consisting of plans, orders and commands.
EN
Taking into consideration the experiences of past local wars and armed conflicts, it has been proved that troops may perform their duties on contemporary digital battlefields in the conditions of constant threats of offensive information warfare means. It has been assumed that in such a situation a need arises to protect war operations in the form of a properly organised information defence against disturbances. Therefore the article presents, to be used actively, appropriately justified active and passive activities undertaken in brigade and division’s defensive operations to ensure stable functioning of command and weapon management systems and their components. Due to diversified forms of early information disturbances, there have been distinguished and characterised information defence against: jamming, misinformation jamming, destructive one and also ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in the brigade and division’s defence area.
EN
The melaminium dihydrogencitrate, (C3H7N6)(HOOC-CH2-C(OH)(COOH)-CH2-COO), crystallizes from water solution at room temperature in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system with the lattice parameters of a = 5.531(1), b = 20.869(4), c = 11.282(2) A and = 99.96(3)_ and Z = 4. The crystals are built up from singly protonated at the one N-ring atom melaminium cations that interact in a near linear fashion through a pair of N-HN hydrogen bonds to form the centrosymmetric dimeric structure. The dihydrogencitrate(-) anions interact in the head-to-tail fashion via the terminal dissociated (COO-) and non-dissociated (COOH) carboxyl groups to form O-H _ O hydrogen bonded zigzag infinite chains. The hydroxyl group of dihydrogencitrate(-) ions is involved into O-HOhydrogen bonds that linked together the dihydrogencitrate(-) chains into two-dimensional network. The centrosymmetric dimers of melaminium moieties interact with the sheets of dihydrogencitrate(-) to form the three-dimensional hydrogen bonded network. The conformation of the dihydrogencitrate(-) ion in the crystal is compared with the conformation in the gas-phase obtained by the ab-initio molecular orbital calculation.
EN
In the first article of the series on information defence, the author underlines a significant role of information defence while preparing and waging defence actions of division and brigade. Well planned and performed information defence endeavours may have strong influence on reaching their tasks. Despite the fact that these endeavours conducted within information defence are not a form of actions that has an immediate destructive impact on enemy’s forces and assets, including them effectively in the defence actions system of a brigade or division may bring measurable results. The author thinks that the efficiency of endeavours undertaken within information defence in a brigade or division may be reached providing preparing staffs and forces to wage it in peacetime.
EN
The article presents the range and contents of information defence endeavours against reconnaissance in division's and brigade's defensive operations. Assuming that reconnaissance abilities have always influenced both the contents as well as forms of organising and conducting reconnaissance actions, it has been proved that information defence against reconnaissance is one of the most vital elements of brigade's and division's defensive operations' security. It is a set of co-ordinated actions adapted to hiding files of all kinds of information about a real situation, position and plans of brigade and division troops which are or may be available for a potential enemy reconnaissance. It has been proved that this availability may be direct (for human senses) and indirect (for technical reconnaissance measures). Hence there have been distinguished and characterised appropriate information defence actions against direct and indirect reconnaissance in brigade's and division's defence operations.
17
Content available remote Walka radioelektroniczna w nowych uwarunkowaniach polityczno-militarnych SZ RP
EN
The Polish Republic’s Armed Forces more frequently participate in the UN international peace missions and coalitions activities in the framework of NATO. The necessity arises to ensure their interoperability in many areas. The research over accessible NATO standardisation documents and Polish war theoreticians’ achievements gave rein to develop a new theory, which is called radio-electronic warfare in NATO terminology. According to the author, activities undertaken within radio-electronic warfare ought to be conducted on a specific, i.e. electronic battlefield including electronic means emitting and receiving electromagnetic energy that function in an appropriate electromagnetic environment. The basic tasks undertaken in contemporary military actions to fight and defend electronic means and systems cause that radio-electronic warfare ought to be a complex system where two forms of activities: offensive and defensive ones can be differentiated. Due to its functioning, radio-electronic warfare should be divided into radio-electronic reconnaissance, electronic clutter and electronic defence.
EN
New blue-violet diamagnetic diindium(III) triphthalocyanine and paramagnetic indium(III) diphthalocyanine complexes have been obtained in crystalline form. The UV-VIS, IR and far IR spectra of the I-n2P-c3 and I-nP-c2 complexes are presented here for the first time. The spectroscopic data of the both In(III) complexes are discussed in terms of characteristic group frequencies and compared with other phthalocyanines. An emperical vibrational assignment of the observed fundamentals is given. The absorption electronic spectra indicate the proximity of the HOMO and LUMO of the Pc ligand in energy.
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