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1

Mitigating sensor quality issues in UAV system identification through wavelet decomposition

Jimenez-Soler Pedro, Lichota Piotr

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 1

art. no. e152216

EN

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require precise system identification for optimal performance and safety, yet sensor noise and signal distortion frequently compromise data quality. Recent studies have explored various approaches to mitigate these issues. However, this study introduces a novel method that utilizes wavelet transform techniques, distinctively enhancing UAV sensor signal processing. Unlike conventional methods that primarily focus on noise reduction, this approach employs multi-resolution wavelet decomposition to denoise and align signals effectively, crucial for accurate system identification. This systematic exploration of various wavelet bases and the application of the output error method for correlating signals provide a unique combination not extensively covered in current literature. The technique was validated using simulated sensor data at 50 Hz from a small UAV platform, the Multiplex®Fun Cub, specifically targeting longitudinal dynamics response. Results demonstrated substantial improvements in signal quality, with significantly enhanced correlation coefficients, showcasing the potential of our wavelet techniques to refine UAV system analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for applying wavelet-based techniques in UAV system identification, significantly advancing the robustness and reliability of identification processes and distinguishing our work from existing methods by its integration of wavelet decomposition and advanced system identification techniques.

2

Analysis of wing in ground-craft water landing

Rośkowicz Marek, Chachurski Ryszard, Omen Łukasz, Jędrak Michał

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 3

144--157

EN

Unmanned aerial platforms, along with surface platforms, can be elements of rapid response force systems at sea. The USV-UAV-WIG (Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Unmanned Arial Vehicle, Wing in Ground Effect) platform is a type of vehicle that combines the features of an aircraft and a surface vehicle. In its operational range, it moves using the so-called ground effect. This phenomenon consists in increasing the lift of an aircraft moving at a small height above the ground or water (the height is assumed to be half the wing span). To consider this problem, we first prepared a computational task for the impact of a ball, box, and cylinder-shaped bodies on water. The calculations were carried out using the finite element method using the capabilities of the LS-DYNA environment. Computer simulations of impact of the those shaped bodies on water were experimentally verified using the so-called high-speed camera and the image analysis system. Second, analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the launch of an example USV-UAV-WIG structure were carried out. For the purposes of the analyses, a numerical model of the structure and a model of the water-solid interaction were prepared. On the basis of the results of the calculations obtained, the loads occurring during landing of the vehicle were defined.

3

Algorithms to improve unmanned aerial vehicle positioning accuracy using European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service and System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring ionospheric corrections

Krasuski Kamil, Bakuła Mieczysław, Gołda Paweł, Ciećko Adam, Grunwald Grzegorz, Mrozik Magda, Kozuba Jarosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 1

284--300

EN

This paper presents a modified algorithm for determining the positioning accuracy of a UAV based on a joint GPS/EGNOS+GPS/SDCM (Global Positioning System/European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service+Global Positioning System/ System for Differential Corrections and Monitoring) solution. Firstly, the average weighted model for determining the position of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) was developed. The algorithm takes into account the coordinates from the individual GPS/EGNOS and GPS/SDCM solution as well as correction coefficients that are a function of the inverse of the ionospheric VTEC (Vertical TEC) delay. Next the accuracy term was estimated in the form of the position errors and RMS (Root Mean Square) errors. Finally the Kalman filter algorithm was used for improved the position errors and RMS errors. The developed algorithm is concerned with determining the positioning accuracy of the UAV for BLh (B-Latitude, L-Longitude, h-ellipsoidal height) ellipsoidal coordinates. The algorithm was tested on kinematic GPS/SBAS (Global Positioning System/Satellite Based Augmentation System) data recorded by a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver placed on a DJI Matrice 300RTK type unmanned platform. As part of the research test, two flights of the UAV were performed on 16 March 2022 in Olsztyn. In the first flight, the proposed algorithm enabled an increase in UAV positioning accuracy from 4% to 57% after Kalman filter process. In the second flight, on the other hand, UAV positioning accuracy was increased from 6% to 42%. The developed algorithm enabled an increase in UAV positioning accuracy and was successfully tested in two independent flight experiments. Ultimately, further research is planned to modify the algorithm with other correction coefficients.

4

Accuracy analysis of UAV coordinates using EGNOS and SDCM augmentation systems

Krasuski Kamil, Wierzbicki Damian, Kirschenstein Małgorzata, Żukowska Marta, Gołda Paweł

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 123

75--100

EN

SBAS systems are applied in precise positioning of UAV. The paper presents the results of studies on the improvement of UAV positioning with the use of the EGNOS+SDCM solutions. In particular, the article focuses on the application of the model of totaling the SBAS positioning accuracy to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of UAVs during the realisation of a test flight. The developed algorithm takes into account the position errors determined from the EGNOS and SDCM solutions. as well as the linear coefficients that are used in the linear combination model. The research was based on data from GPS observations and SBAS corrections from the AsteRx-m2 UAS receiver installed on a Tailsitter platform. The tests were conducted in September 2020 in northern Poland. The application of the proposed algorithm that sums up the positioning accuracy of EGNOS and SDCM allowed for the improvement of the accuracy of determining the position of the UAV by 82-87% in comparison to the application of either only EGNOS or SDCM. Apart from that, another important result of the application of the proposed algorithm was the reduction of outlier positioning errors that reduced the accuracy of the positioning of UAV when a single SBAS solution (EGNOS or SDCM) was used. The study also presents the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of calculating the accuracy of EGNOS+SDCM positioning for the weighted average model. The developed algorithm may be used in research conducted on other SBAS supporting systems.

5

Assessing the legality and impact of anti-smog drones in Poland’s air quality management

Sieradzka Małgorzata, Balcerzak Tomasz, Kostur Katarzyna, Rajchel Jan

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 2)

7--25

EN

This study addresses the critical issue of winter air pollution, characterized by smoke that causes respiratory irritation and health issues like shortness of breath, dizziness and eye irritation. The primary focus is on the inefficacy of traditional, human-conducted inspections in identifying sources of smog and air pollution. These methods are limited by the inability to measure emissions accurately without specialized equipment and the restricted range of inspection due to groundlevel perspectives. The paper proposes the integration of drones equipped with advanced sensor technologies as a solution for comprehensive and efficient air quality monitoring (Sokhi, 2022). These drones can accurately assess emissions from sources like chimneys in real time and at a larger scale. The implementation of such technology not only enhances the effectiveness of anti-smog measures but also serves as a deterrent, increasing public awareness about constant environmental monitoring. The study advocates for the adoption of these unmanned aerial vehicles as a suport tool for local governments in the fight against air pollution, suggesting a transformative approach to environmental regulation and control.

6

Beware of the low-hanging fruit – autonomous vehicles in the maritime dimension

Lim Thomas Hao Ze

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 3

621--630

EN

Autonomous vehicles have seen a meteoric rise in popularity amongst governments and corporations looking to utilize technology for both economic and strategic gains, both on land and out at sea. This paper focuses on the entrance of autonomous vehicles into the maritime dimension, examining the reasons driving the burgeoning reputation of autonomous vehicles out at sea, before dissecting some of the myths behind these reasons. The article will first assess three core reasons behind the rise in demand for autonomous vehicles out at sea, before contending that the benefits of introducing autonomous vehicles out at sea have been overblown, and that there are structural concerns and limitations that will hamstring the practicality of using autonomous vehicles in the maritime domain. These concerns intersect with the domains of technological maturity, maritime security, as well as international law, and that a presumptuous push for the widespread implementation of autonomous vehicles in the maritime domain will increase the dangers faced by seafarers out at sea, going against the natural progression of maritime operations.

7

Barriers for inclusion of user practices in technology development in Blue Denmark

Kristensen Rasmus Gammelby, Børsen Tom Holmgaard

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 3

631--640

EN

As the world collectively looks to technology to drive sustainable transition and salvage what is left of our world, users are increasingly exposed to technological solutions claimed to drive sustainable transition. These solutions are rarely developed with an offset in their practice, and this is a challenge as technology can only aid in deconstructing the climate crisis if end-user practices are reflected in the technical solutions. Nothing is gained if no one is motivated or able to pick up these solutions. Sustainability is rarely used in conjunction with how end-users will adopt and utilize technology. Wasted or inefficient distribution of resources should be addressed to optimize and increase the chances of a green transition. This also holds for the maritime sector in Denmark, where technology development is limited to the applicability of technological artifacts without taking notice of end-user practices. This paper applies qualitative ethnographic research to show that there is a disconnect between, on the one hand, funders, technology developers, and decision-makers and, on the other hand, technology end-users and practitioners in the Danish maritime sector. The first does not consider the latter's perspective even though it is claimed important. We argue that if technology is to replace or assist any human practice and solve for example the climate crises, then knowledge of users’ practices must be key to developing technological solutions for sustainable development. During the ethnographic work, the stage of funding the development of sustainable technology was observed to be the very first point in the path of technological development, where user inclusion should be considered. Therein lies the connection to sustainability: If users are omitted, technology cannot effectively and positively assist sustainable transition.

8

Validating Lithium-Polymer Battery Discharge Models to Ensure Uav Flight Safety and Performance

Shcherban Anastasiia, Eremenko Vladymir

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2024

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Nr 4 (277)

80--100

EN

This article proposes a methodology for assessing the adequacy of mathematical models for the discharge characteristics of lithium-polymer batteries (LPABs) used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The methodology is based on ISO 5725 standards, focusing on the evaluation of trueness and precision under repeatability and reproducibility conditions. Experimental studies were conducted to collect data on LPAB discharge behavior and surface temperature dynamics across a range of environmental conditions (-20°C to +50°C). Key analyses included systematic error evaluation, statistical variance assessment, and the formulation of precision criteria using tools such as pairwise differences, mean square deviation, and statistical tests. The results validate the developed regression and simulation models, confirming their reliability for predicting battery performance under dynamic operational conditions. The study provides a robust framework for UAV battery monitoring, enabling accurate prediction of flight duration and ensuring safe and efficient UAV operation across diverse environmental scenarios.

9

The commercial operations of UAS within the framework of the exististing international regime applicable to air carriers

Kunert-Diallo Agnieszka, Balcerzak Tomasz

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2024

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Nr 4 (277)

45--65

EN

This study explores the legal framework governing cross-border operations of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), highlighting the pressing need for a unified regulatory environment to match the rapid advancements in UAS technology. As UAS operations increasingly align with international air services, this study draws parallels between UAS governance and the regulation of airlines, which are currently authorized to provide international air services under air transport agreements. The analysis focuses on the applicability of both international law and EU regulations to UAS operations, particularly in the context of scheduled, non-scheduled, and cabotage services. It examines certification and licensing requirements under EU regulations, identifying their potential to serve as models for future international standards. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of regulatory challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the importance of harmonized global standards for the effective integration of UAS into international aviation.

10

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the road safety system

Bolz Katarzyna, Nowacki Gabriel

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 1

73--98

EN

The article presents the potential uses of drones in road safety systems, as predicted based on the ongoing evolution of the unmanned technologies. Requirements pertaining to users (operators) of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in the context of road safety are presented. The research problem was formulated based on experience and research on UAVs operating above roads, intersection and in traffic collision/accident areas. An analysis of opportunities and threats of usage of UAVs in road safety was performed. An attempt was made to identify the means of shaping legal and criminal awareness of users, along with an analysis of remedial measures that had been introduced. A concept of safe flow of UAVs in the airspace was described. An attempt was made to evaluate the potential for support of the road safety system by using specialized UAVs. The performed research indicates that usage of drones in road safety systems will enable real-time identification of traffic with very high precision (high-resolution cameras), including identification of vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists, verification of vehicle speed, determination of queue lengths at intersections, determination of traffic volume, detection of traffic violations, identification of high-risk locations and warning drivers about potential threats.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono potencjalne możliwości zastosowania dronów w systemie bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego (BRD), przewidywane na podstawie ewolucji technologii bezzałogowej. Zaprezentowano wymagania stawiane użytkownikom (operatorom) technologii bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (BSP) w odniesieniu do BRD. Problem badawczy sformułowano na podstawie doświadczeń oraz badań nad BSP operującymi nad drogami, skrzyżowaniami oraz w środowisku kolizji i wypadków w ruchu drogowym. Dokonano bilansu szans i zagrożeń w odniesieniu do użycia BSP w BRD. Zbadano nastroje społeczne w odniesieniu do kwestii świadomości prawnej operatów dronów. Podjęto próbę wskazania możliwości kształtowania świadomości prawnej oraz odpowiedzialności karnej wraz z analizą zaimplementowanych dotychczas środków zaradczych. Wskazano koncepcję bezpiecznego przepływu ruchu statków bezzałogowych w przestrzeni powietrznej. Podjęto próbę oceny potencjału wsparcia systemu bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego przez użycie wyspecjalizowanych BSP. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że zastosowanie dronów w BRD umożliwi identyfikację ruchu drogowego w czasie rzeczywistym z bardzo dobrą dokładnością (kamery o wysokiej rozdzielczości), w tym identyfikację pojazdów, pieszych oraz rowerzystów, a także sprawdzanie prędkości pojazdów, określanie długości kolejek na skrzyżowaniach, pomiar natężenia ruchu, wykrywanie naruszeń przepisów ruchu drogowego oraz identyfikację miejsc niebezpiecznych czy ostrzeganie kierowców o potencjalnych zagrożeniach.

11

Wyznaczenie bezpiecznej strefy operowania dronem w trakcie monitorowania turbiny wiatrowej

Minda Jędrzej, Kołodziejczyk Krzysztof

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 11

1271--1276

PL

Jednym z istotnych elementów eksploatacji farmy wiatrowej jest monitorowanie stanu technicznego turbin. Obecnie istnieje wiele metod pozwalających na prowadzenie ciągłego monitoringu umożliwiającego ocenę stanu technicznego turbiny, jednakże najczęściej bez pełnej informacji o powstałych uszkodzeniach. Przedstawiono prace dotyczące wyznaczenia bezpiecznej strefy operowania BSP w bezpośrednim otoczeniu turbiny wiatrowej w trakcie jej pracy. Wyznaczenie takiej strefy stanowi element przygotowania systemu monitorowania bezpośredniego stanu technicznego łopat turbiny wiatrowej w trakcie jej pracy z wykorzystaniem drona.

EN

Numerical simulations of air flow around the rotating rotor of a working wind turbine were carried out, as well as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights with recording of flight parameters for a real object. A safe operating zone for the UAV in the immediate vicinity of the wind turbine during its operation was detd. Defining such a zone was part of the prepn. of a system for monitoring the direct technical condition of wind turbine blades during operation using a drone.

12

Wykorzystanie powietrznych przełączalnych inteligentnych powierzchni do komunikacji międzypojazdowej

Janji Salim

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

360--363

PL

Niniejszy artykuł omawia wdrożenie drona wyposażonego w rekonfigurowalną inteligentną powierzchnię (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS) celem stworzenia dronowej stacji przekaźnikowej (Drone Relay Station, DRS), aby zwiększyć łączność między pojazdami (Vehicle-To-Vehicle, V2V) na ziemi. Trajektoria DRS jest optymalizowana w taki sposób, aby możliwie najszybciej osiągnąć położenie maksymalizujące przepustowość. Dodatkowo uwzględniana jest obecność węzła zakłócającego, a rozwiązanie analityczne jest wyprowadzone w celu określenia optymalnej orientacji DRS w każdym kroku czasowym, minimalizując zakłócenia dla odbiornika. Wyniki symulacji potwierdzają skuteczność proponowanego modelu.

EN

This paper addresses the deployment of a drone equipped with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), creating a drone relay station (DRS) to enhance the connectivity of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) pairs on the ground. The trajectory of the DRS is optimized to quickly reach the best location for maximizing throughput. Additionally, the presence of an interfering node is considered, and an analytical solution is derived to determine the optimal orientation of the DRS at each time step, minimizing interference to the receiver. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

13

Ocena parametrów QoS usługi transmisji danych z wykorzystaniem modułów DTS SOL8SDR dla rozwiązań dronowych

Maślanka Krzysztof, Wojtuń Jarosław, Kelner Jan M.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

241--244

PL

Rynek platform i aplikacyjnych zastosowań bezzałogowych statków powietrznych (BSP) jest obecnie jednym z najbardziej dynamicznie rozwijających się gałęzi przemysłu i usług, zarówno w odniesieniu do segmentu cywilnego jak i wojskowego. W tym artykule przedstawiamy testy jakości usług dla radiowego modułu DTC SOL8SDR wykorzystywanego na BSP do transmisji danych. Moduł ten będzie wykorzystany w systemie rozpoznania radioelektronicznego na grupie BSP.

EN

The market for platforms and applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is currently one of the most dynamically developing industries and services, both in the civil and military segments. In this paper, we present quality of service (QoS) tests for the SOL8SDR DTC radio module used on a UAV for data transmission. This module is planned to be used in the radioelectronic reconnaissance system of a UAV group.

14

Metody detekcji oraz rozpoznawania sygnałów dronów

Flakowski Wojciech, Krasicki Maciej, Krenz Rafał

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

129--134

PL

Niniejsza publikacja prezentuje przegląd metod detekcji oraz klasyfikacji sygnałów radiowych wykorzystywanych do komunikacji z bezzałogowymi statkami powietrznymi. Artykuł przedstawia zarówno techniki wstępnego przetwarzania sygnału, algorytmy detekcyjne, jak również wybrane sposoby klasyfikacji sygnałów, bazujące na technikach uczenia maszynowego oraz sieciach neuronowych. Dodatkowo prezentowane są architektury wybranych algorytmów detekcyjnych w ujęciu złożoności obliczeniowej oraz skuteczności detekcji pożądanych sygnałów.

EN

This publication presents an overview of detection and classification methods of radio signals used to communicate with unmanned aerial vehicle. The article presents signal pre-processing techniques, detection algorithms, as well as selected signal classification problems based on ma- chine learning techniques and neural networks. Additionally, the architectures of selected detection algorithms are presented in terms of computational complexity and effectiveness of detecting the desired signals.

15

Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

16

Wykorzystanie modelu 3D z pięcioobiektywowej kamery ukośnej w pomiarach sytuacyjno-wysokościowych

Libera Daniel, Wajda Jakub, Soczek Michał, Leń Przemysław

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2024

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R. 96, nr 3

27--31

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia możliwości wykorzystania oteksturowanego modelu mesh utworzonego przy użyciu bezzałogowego statku powietrznego wraz z pięcioobiektywową kamerą ukośną w pomiarach sytuacyjno – wysokościowych. Metodyka polegała na bezpośrednim pomiarze wybranych elementów baz EGiB, BDOT500, GESUT, pozyskaniu współrzędnych poprzez ich wskazanie na modelu 3D i porównaniu uzyskanych wyników z uwzględnieniem podziału na grupy dokładnościowe szczegółów terenowych.

EN

This article presents the possibilities of using a textured mesh model created using an unmanned aerial vehicle with a five-lens oblique camera in situational and altitude measurements. The methodology consisted in direct measurement of selected elements of the EGiB, BDOT500, GESUT databases, obtaining coordinates by mark them on a 3D model and comparing the obtained results, taking into account the division into accuracy groups of field details.

17

Wykorzystanie modelu 3D w pracach scalenia gruntów

Libera Daniel, Wajda Jakub, Soczek Michał, Leń Przemysław

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2024

|

R. 96, nr 1

18--21

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia możliwość zastosowania oteksturowanego modelu mesh w procesie realizacji scalenia gruntów, skupiając się na dokładności pomiaru z jego wykorzystaniem oraz możliwości jego implementacji na różnych etapach scalenia. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na czterech obrębach ewidencyjnych znajdujących się na obszarze województwa podkarpackiego które, zostały objęte postępowaniem scaleniowym. Metodyka polegała na porównaniu wyników pomiaru bezpośredniego wykonanego za pomocą odbiornika GNSS do wskazań wykonanych na modelu 3D. Pomiary zostały przeanalizowane z uwzględnieniem podziału na grupy dokładnościowe szczegółów sytuacyjnych.

EN

This article presents the possibility of using a textured mesh model in the process of land consolidation implementation, focusing on the accuracy of measurement with its use and the possibility of its implementation at different stages of consolidation. The research was carried out on four registration areas located in the area of Podkarpackie voivodeship which were included in the land consolidation proceedings. The methodology consisted in comparing the results of direct measurement made with the help of a GNSS receiver to the indications made on a 3D model. The measurements were analyzed taking into account the division into accuracy groups of situational details.

18

Analiza jakości danych fotogrametrycznych i teledetekcyjnych z wykorzystaniem BSP

Soczek Michał, Wajda Jakub, Libera Daniel, Leń Przemysław

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2024

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R. 96, nr 4

27--32

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia porównanie danych otrzymanych z trzech niezależnych nalotów, z wykorzystaniem bezzałogowych statków powietrznych. W wyniku opracowania danych utworzono dwa oteksturowane modele mesh wykonane kamerami ukośnymi oraz chmurę punktów pozyskaną za pomocą skanera LiDAR. Metodyka polegała na porównaniu współrzędnych z pomiaru bezpośredniego oraz pozyskanych z analizowanych opracowań z uwzględnieniem podziału na grupy dokładnościowe szczegółów terenowych.

EN

This article presents a comparison of data obtained from three independent raids using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. As a result of data processing, two textured mesh models were created with oblique cameras and a point cloud acquired using a LiDAR scanner. The methodology consisted in comparing coordinates from direct measurement and those obtained from the analyzed studies, taking into account the division into accuracy groups of field details.

19

Theoretical Vulnerability Analysis of Individual Components of Class I: Micro Drone Against Small Arms Fire

Pemčák Ivan, Baláž Teodor, Jasztal Michał, Kunikowski Mateusz

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2024

|

Vol. 15, Nr 4 (58)

9--26

EN

This article is a continuation of a series of publications dealing with defence against Class I UAVs. Previous publications concerned the capabilities and range of detecting drones [1, 2], as well as experimental research on the effectiveness of using shotguns to defend against UAVs and the impact of such weapons on selected drone elements [3-5]. This paper examines the hit probability of individual drone components depending on the drone’s orientation in space. This work aims to theoretically determine the probability of disabling a drone with a single hit from an assault rifle. Due to its widespread use, the DJI Mavic 2 drone was chosen as an example for study. The theoretical knowledge and assumptions are elaborated in this thesis. One of the novelties in relation to previous works is the presentation in this article of the possibility of increasing the survivability of drones on the battlefield. Practical verification of the modelled data is the subject of further study and experiments

PL

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację serii publikacji dotyczących zwalczania Bezzałogowych Statków Powietrznych (BSP) klasy I. Poprzednie publikacje dotyczyły możliwości i zasięgu wykrywania dronów [1, 2], jak również badań eksperymentalnych dotyczących skuteczności wykorzystania strzelb do obrony przed BSP wraz z określeniem wpływu użycia takiej broni na wybrane elementy dronów [3-5]. W prezentowanej pracy dokonano wyznaczenia oraz analizy prawdopodobieństwa trafienia poszczególnych elementów drona w zależności od orientacji sylwetki BSP w przestrzeni. Celem publikacji jest teoretyczne określenie prawdopodobieństwa eliminacji drona pojedynczym strzałem z karabinu szturmowego. Do badań wykorzystano dron DJI Mavic 2 z uwagi na jego powszechne wykorzystanie. Praca zawiera teoretyczny opis problemu oraz przyjętych założeń. Jedną z nowości w stosunku do poprzednich prac, jest przedstawienie w niniejszym artykule możliwości zwiększenia zdolności przetrwania drona na polu walki. Praktyczna weryfikacja przyjętych założeń będzie przedmiotem dalszych badań i eksperymentów

20

Identification of Dynamic Models of Vertical Motion for a Multi-rotor Flying Platform

Duda Michał

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2024

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Vol. 15, Nr 2 (56)

47--54

EN

The article presents the results of identifying dynamic models for an unmanned multi-rotor platform. Due to such an object’s highly complex mathematical model, it was decided to identify dynamic models based on experimental data. The identification concerns vertical movement parameters, but also energy consumption when performing maneuvers, which is a key factor for autonomous aircraft.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki identyfikacji modeli dynamicznych dla bezzałogowej platformy wielowirnikowej. Ze względu na wysoce skomplikowany model matematyczny takiego obiektu zdecydowano się na zidentyfikowanie modeli dynamicznych na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych. Identyfikacja dotyczy parametrów ruchu pionowego, ale również zużycia energii podczas wykonywania manewrów, które jest kluczowym czynnikiem dla autonomicznych statków powietrznych.