Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ship Recycling as a Source of Mercury Pollution: Is There a Need for Regulatory Change?

Čulin J., Orović J., Knežević V., Pavin Z.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

147--151

EN

The Minamata Convention on Mercury was established to combat the profound global threat posed by mercury and its compounds, which exhibit persistent environmental contamination, bioaccumulation, and long-range atmospheric transport, leading to severe ecological and human health consequences, particularly for vulnerable populations in developing nations. In contrast, the International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (HKC) and the EU Ship Recycling Regulation (EU SRR) permit the use of mercury onboard ships. Furthermore, the current listing in Appendix 2/Annex II of these regulations allows the recycling of existing ships without requiring specific data on the location and quantity of mercury, potentially leading to unintentional environmental releases. This paper analyses data on mercury environmental contamination by ship recycling activities. Considering the projected increase in ship recycling activities in South Asia, there is a significant risk of escalating mercury emissions. Therefore, we recommend that relevant authorities conduct a thorough assessment of the regulatory status of mercury under the HKC and EU SRR to ensure consistency with the Minamata Convention and to mitigate further environmental and health risks.

2

Zastosowanie paliw alternatywnych w lotnictwie

Szymańska Alicja, Ślachciński Mariusz, Szymański Grzegorz M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2026

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T. 105, nr 3

181--184

3

Selection of Molding Sands for Thin-Walled Cast Iron Castings Based on Their Selected Properties

Major-Gabryś Katarzyna, Drożyński Dariusz

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2026

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Special Issue: NetCastPL4.0 Project

7--15

EN

The production process of thin-walled iron castings with complex shapes, characterized by high quality while maintaining the required properties, involves many steps. One of them is the appropriate selection of the technology for molding and core sands, taking into account strict environmental requirements. The need to meet high environmental standards is currently the dominant factor in the development of molding sands technologies. It is even being done at the expense of reducing the technological properties of the materials. As part of the development of molding compounds for thin-walled castings, two compounds with organic binders and two compounds with inorganic binders were tested. Tests were carried out on the tensile and bending strength, density, permeability, and friability of the compounds. Their thermophysical behavior was tested via the hot distortion parameter. The tests carried out on the molding sands showed that all the proposed mixtures have the appropriate properties for the production of thin-walled castings.

4

Analysis of histogram asymmetry for waste recognition

Bobulski Janusz, Pasternak Kamila

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2026

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Vol. 20, No. 1

74--78

EN

Despite many years of effort and research, the current waste management problem remains. So far, no fully effective waste management system has been developed. Many programs and projects improve statistics on the percentage of waste recycled every year. Modern computer vision techniques supported by artificial intelligence are worth using in these efforts. In the article, we present a method of identifying plastic waste based on the asymmetry analysis of the image’s histogram containing the waste. The method is simple but effective ( 94% ), allowing it to be implemented on devices with low computing power, particularly microcomputers. Such devices will be used both at home and in waste-sorting plants.

5

Konstrukcje dla energetyki wiatrowej – historia i teraźniejszość. Propozycje dla Polski

Pasternak Hartmut, Piekarczyk Marek

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2026

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R. 82, nr 1

91--102

PL

Artykuł pokazuje historię energetyki wiatrowej aż do współczesności, którą charakteryzuje jej gwałtowny rozwój spowodowany dążeniem do ograniczenia zużycia paliw kopalnych w kierunku coraz szerszego wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii. Nie podano tu uniwersalnej odpowiedzi na pytanie o opłacalność ekonomiczną takiej produkcji energii, w szczególności elektrycznej, ale opisano obecne możliwości budowy, problemy eksploatacji turbin wiatrowych i ich konstrukcji wsporczych, w szczególności w Polsce. Przywołano także szerokie doświadczenia niemieckie na tym polu.

EN

The development of wind power engineering in the historical context up to present is shown in the paper. The latter is characteristic by its violently fast development as a consequence of striving to restrict the wear of fossil fuels thanks to wider usage of renewable energy sources. The answer to the question about economical profitability of the energy production of this kind in particular electric has not been given however the present possibilities of building and some problems of the exploitation of wind turbines and its supporting structures have been described especially in Poland. Extensive German experience in this field has also been called.

6

Kierunki działań proekologicznych w procesie produkcji materiałów ogniotrwałych w Zakładach Magnezytowych „ROPCZYCE” S.A.

Szymanek Małgorzata, Białas Monika

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

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2026

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Vol. 93, nr 1

9--12

PL

Zakłady Magnezytowe „ROPCZYCE” S.A. konsekwentnie realizują działania zmierzające do ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych oraz poprawy efektywności energetycznej w procesach produkcji wyrobów ogniotrwałych. W ostatnich latach Spółka wdrożyła szereg inwestycji technicznych, które stanowią fundament transformacji energetycznej przedsiębiorstwa. Do najważniejszych z nich należy uruchomienie wysokosprawnej instalacji kogeneracyjnej umożliwiającej jednoczesną produkcję energii elektrycznej o mocy 2,3 MW i cieplnej 2,25 MW, a także budowa farmy fotowoltaicznej o mocy 1,7 MW. W 2024 r. zakończono budowę stacji LNG przystosowanej do odbioru bioLNG, co pozwala na dalsze ograniczenie emisji CO₂ oraz dywersyfikację źródeł energii. Wdrożone rozwiązania przyczyniły się w latach 2021–2025 do ograniczenia emisji CO2 o ok. 34% całkowitej emisji CO2 zakładu w tym okresie.

EN

Zakłady Magnezytowe "ROPCZYCE" S.A. consistently implements measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency in the production of refractory products. In recent years, the company has implemented a number of technical investments that form the foundation of the company's energy transformation. Among the most important are the commissioning of a highefficiency 5 MW cogeneration plant, enabling the simultaneous production of electricity and heat, as well as the construction of a 1,7 MW photovoltaic farm. In 2024, the construction of an LNG station adapted to receive bioLNG was completed, enabling further reductions in CO₂ emissions and the diversification of energy sources. Implemented solutions contributed in 2021–2025 to reducing CO₂ emissions by approx. 34% of the plant’s total CO₂ emissions over that period.

7

Sustainable odour control strategies in manure management: a case study of chicken manure composting

Żesławska Patrycja, Zawieja Iwona, Worwąg Małgorzata

Economics and Environment

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2026

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No. 2

art. no. 1192

EN

In Poland, the problem of odour emissions, especially in the context of agricultural activities, is a significant challenge both in terms of the quality of life of local communities and with regard to environmental protection. Despite the existing legal regulations on air protection, their lack of detail in terms of standards relating to odour emissions makes this issue still an open problem. The article characterises chicken manure as a valuable raw material used in the composting process, which is also a problematic source of odour emissions. In particular, the essence of the composting process is discussed, during which, as a result of microbiological transformations, a number of malodorous compounds are produced, negatively affecting air quality. The article presents the characteristics of chicken manure, the idea of the composting process and manure management in the context of reducing ammonia emissions into the atmosphere.

PL

W Polsce problem emisji odorów, szczególnie w kontekście działalności rolniczej, stanowi istotne wyzwanie zarówno dla jakości życia mieszkańców, jak i dla ochrony środowiska. Pomimo regulacji prawnych dotyczących ochrony powietrza, brak szczegółowych norm odnoszących się do emisji zapachów sprawia, że zagadnienie to wciąż wymaga dalszej uwagi. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę pomiotu kurzego jako surowca wykorzystywanego w procesie kompostowania oraz wyjaśnia, dlaczego stanowi on problematyczne źródło emisji odorów. W szczególności omówiono istotę procesu kompostowania, podczas którego w wyniku mikrobiologicznych przemian powstaje szereg związków złowonnych, wpływających negatywnie na jakość powietrza. W artykule zaprezentowano charakterystykę pomiotu kurzego, idee procesu kompostowania i gospodarkę nawozami naturalnymi w kontekście ograniczania emisji amoniaku do atmosfery.

8

Public debt vs. governmental environmental expenditure: evidence from EU economies

Piątkowski Paweł, Uryszek Tomasz

Economics and Environment

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2026

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No. 2

art. no. 1119

EN

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public debt levels on public environmental protection expenditures. The underlying hypothesis suggests that the level of public debt influences the amount of public spending allocated to environmental protection. The methodology is based on a panel data regression analysis for the yearly observations from 1995 to 2022 on all EU economies. Data were collected from the Eurostat database. The results are contextualised within the broader framework of sustainable development and legal regulations, which promote higher environmental protection expenditures. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the efficiency of environmental protection expenditure, exploring the tension between fiscal responsibility and the need for greater investment in environmental sustainability.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu poziomu długu publicznego na publiczne wydatki na ochronę środowiska. Podstawowa hipoteza zakłada, że poziom długu publicznego wpływa na wysokość wydatków publicznych przeznaczonych na ochronę środowiska. Metodologia opiera się na analizie regresji danych panelowych dla rocznych obserwacji z lat 1995-2022 dla 27 państw Unii Europejskiej. Dane zostały zebrane z bazy danych Eurostatu. Wyniki zostały osadzone w szerszych ramach zrównoważonego rozwoju i regulacji prawnych, które promują wyższe wydatki na ochronę środowiska. Wyniki badań stanowią wkład w toczący się dyskurs na temat efektywności wydatków na ochronę środowiska, badając napięcie między odpowiedzialnością fiskalną a potrzebą większych inwestycji w zrównoważony rozwój środowiska.

9

Polityka państwa w zakresie zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego współczesnemu i przyszłym pokoleniom

Karpiuk Mirosław

Cybersecurity and Law

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2026

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Vol. 15 (1)

52--59

PL

Jedną z dziedzin bezpieczeństwa państwa jest bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne, które jest na tyle ważne, że kwestie jego zapewnienia porusza ustrojodawca. Obowiązek zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego wymusza na organach państwa kompleksowe działania mające zapewnić środowisku właściwą ochronę. Nie chodzi tutaj tylko o bieżącą politykę ekologiczną, ale długofalową, pozwalającą na korzystanie ze środowiska w stanie co najmniej takim samym przyszłym pokoleniom. Dbać o środowisko muszą nie tylko organy władzy publicznej, ale też obywatele i przedsiębiorcy. Warto też zwrócić uwagę na zasadę zrównoważonego rozwoju, która wymusza odpowiedzialne podejście do środowiska, zwłaszcza w kontekście prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej.

EN

One of the areas of state security is ecological security, which is so important that the legislature addresses its assurance. The obligation to ensure ecological security requires state authorities to take comprehensive measures to ensure adequate environmental protection. This is not just about current environmental policy, but also about long-term policies that ensure the continued use of the environment in at least the same condition for future generations. Not only public authorities, but also citizens and businesses must care for the environment. It is also worth noting the principle of sustainable development, which requires a responsible approach to the environment, especially in the context of business activity.

10

Arkadia Shopping and Entertainment Centre in Warsaw (2002-2004). Case study of a large ‘design & build’ investment with an emphasis on structural optimisation, quality management, and technical control

Sobieraj Janusz

Budownictwo i Prawo

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2026

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R. 29, nr 2

42--45

EN

The article presents a case study of the construction of the Arkadia Shopping and Entertainment Centre in Warsaw as an example of a major, non-standard investment project carried out in the ‘design and build’ formula. The main parameters of the building, location-related conditions, and key engineering decisions concerning changes in structural solutions (from maximum prefabrication to the wide application of monolithic technology) are discussed. The organisation of the construction process, the role of the quality plan and control procedures, and the significance of independent technical control linked to long-term latent defect insurance are also presented. The conclusions emphasise that in large-scale projects, competitive advantage results from combining design flexibility, rigorous quality supervision, and conscious risk management (technical, environmental, and schedule-related), and also enables significant savings in materials (reinforcing steel, cement, sand, aggregate) as well as labour and machine-hours.

11

Development of offshore wind energy in Poland—Opportunities and threats

Kokorniak Anna, Gabriel-Półrolniczak Urszula

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

129--147

EN

Faced with the European Union’s growing expectations regarding the intensification of energy generation from renewable sources, Poland, like many other European countries, has encountered the enormous challenge of introducing energy produced by offshore wind farms (OWFs) into the energy market. This article aims to present the current state of development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in Poland and to identify the main opportunities and threats associated with the further development of this sector in the domestic and international context. The direction of the current rapid investment growth in this area stems from decisions of the European Parliament and the European Council, which require intensified efforts to increase the share of energy obtained from renewable sources in the energy mix. At the same time, the creation of an energy base in the form of offshore wind farms in Poland contributes to energy diversification and improves the country’s energy security. Several projects are currently underway in the Polish Baltic Economic Zone, the largest of which include Baltica 2 and Baltica 3, led by PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna and the Danish company Ørsted. The construction of offshore wind farms encounters several barriers that hinder project implementation; however, long-term energy production can bring numerous benefits to Poland. This paper highlights the key advantages of offshore wind farm development, including Poland’s energy sovereignty, job creation, and strengthened efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The greatest threats, however, include an underdeveloped local supply chain, unpredictable legislative changes, and the risk of delays due to environmental requirements. Considering the limitations associated with the lack of production continuity and the ability to fully utilize the electricity generated by offshore wind farms, solutions for industrial-scale electricity storage are presented, including conversion to compressed air using compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology, and the conversion of electricity into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen (H2).

12

Towards Improved Ship Weather Routing Through Multi-Objective Optimization with High Performance Computing Support

Abdalsalam Mohammed, Szłapczyńska Joanna

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 1

93--103

EN

Maritime transport remains integral to the global economy, facilitating the cost-efficient and scalable movement of cargo and individuals over varying distances. Modern and effective ship routing solutions not only minimize voyage time and operational costs (including fuel consumption), but also improve resource allocation and environmental sustainability. Their planning process relies heavily on optimization algorithms capable of addressing numerous environmental and operational constraints, particularly in the context of dynamic and often unpredictable weather conditions. A widely adopted approach in the literature is to formulate the ship route optimization problem as a multi-objective optimization (MOO) task, incorporating both static and dynamic constraints. The complexity of this formulation increases significantly when uncertainties related to weather conditions and ship behaviour are introduced, further complicating the optimization process. Meta-heuristic algorithms have gained prominence as effective tools for addressing i.e. complex multi-objective, constrained and nonlinear problems. Despite their demonstrated computational efficiency, the overall process of ship weather route optimization often remains computationally intensive, posing significant challenges for real-time or near-real-time applications in operational maritime contexts. High Performance Computing (HPC) emerges as a viable approach to overcome this limitation. HPC refers mostly to the use of advanced computational systems composed of parallel processing architectures (such as CUDA, OpenMP, MPI, among others) to solve much faster and more efficiently complex and data-intensive problems. Originating in scientific research domains, HPC technologies have rapidly evolved and are now being applied to support solving a wide range of problem in computer science and engineering. Employing HPC-enabled computations allows for designing a scalable and efficient framework for tackling the growing complexity of ship weather routing. This paper discusses the possibilities of HPC integration with MOO for ship weather routing, aiming to demonstrate how HPC-enabled methodologies can improve the performance and real-life applicability of the routing systems.

13

Modern Methods of Hull Cleaning Using Remote Operated Vehicle

Stateczny Andrzej, Śliwińska Dominika, Wierzbicki Paweł

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 1

251--255

EN

During vessel operation, hulls are subjected to corrosion and biofouling by marine organisms, which negatively impacts hydrodynamic performance, increases fuel consumption, and elevates operational costs. Conventional hull cleaning methods typically require dry-docking and involve techniques that may pose environmental risks. The dynamic development of robotics has facilitated the deployment of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for in-water hull inspection and cleaning, eliminating the need to take the vessel out of service. ROVs utilize electromagnets to maintain stable adhesion to the ship’s surface, high-pressure water jets to remove biofouling and debris, and integrated filtration systems to capture and contain contaminants, thereby minimizing environmental impact. This paper provides a comprehensive review of innovative hull cleaning technologies employing ROVs, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods and assessing their contribution to operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.

14

Leveraging Radar and VTS for Enhanced Oil Spill Detection

Fiorini Michele, Trevisani Roberto

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 1

77--84

EN

The Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies (NOFO) conducted oil-on-water exercises in 2018 to evaluate new oil spill response technologies, including advanced radar systems. This study assesses radar performance based on data collected during these exercises, focusing on the potential of radar technology to enhance Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) systems. By analysing radar data from various simulated oil spill scenarios, key strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement were identified. Findings highlight the benefits of integrating radar technology into VTS for improved oil spill detection, tracking, and response. This includes recommendations for expanding VTS system features to leverage radar data more effectively, such as developing algorithms for automated oil spill detection and implementing real-time data fusion techniques. The study demonstrates the potential of radar- enhanced VTS systems to significantly improve oil spill response capabilities, particularly in challenging conditions.

15

An Innovative Approach to the Problem of Transporting Spoil from Great Depths in Deep-Sea Mining

Filipek Wiktor, Broda Krzysztof, Tora Barbara

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2025

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Vol. 19 No. 1

229--234

EN

The article presents an innovative approach to one of the key challenges in offshore mining – transporting ore from the seabed to the surface. Traditional methods, such as CLB (with continuareline bucket), HP (hydraulic pumping), ALP (air-lift pumping) or hybrid techniques, are associated with high energy consumption and high operating and environmental costs. To adddress these limitations, the authors propose an alternative solution based on the use of physicochemical phenomena, which significantly reduces energy consumption. The starting point is the analysis of basic physical principles, such as potential energy or the buoyancy principle, in the context of the aquatic environment and high pressure conditions at great depths. The authors consider the use of the natural properties of the working medium as a source of power for the ascent process, as well as the potential for energy recovery, which enhances the energy balance and the transport system’s efficiency. The article presents the results of theoretical and simulation studies, which have laid foundation for numerous patents and scientific publications. The authors emphasize the practical potential of the proposed solutions, indicating at the same time the need for further work on their implementation in real-world conditions.

16

Czysta woda dzięki nauce: Ruth Patrick i jej ekosystemy

Antos Joanna, Gadzińska Wiktoria

Technologia Wody

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2025

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Nr 4 (90)

95-96

17

Analysis of the development of technology for producing ethanol from biomass

Szymańska Alicja, Waleriańczyk Alicja, Szymański Grzegorz M., Wyrwas Bogdan

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2025

|

Vol. 28

281--290

EN

Bioethanol is one of the most important liquid biofuels and is capable of significantly reducing fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. A wide range of raw materials are used for its production. First- and fourth-generation bioethanol is distinguished. The ethanol production process can be carried out using biological or synthetic technologies. Fermentation allows the production of ethanol from renewable raw materials, while synthetic production allows for a high-purity product, but requires the use of petrochemical raw materials. Process optimization includes, among other things, modernizing process water recovery systems, using biological methods involving algae, and integrating bioethanol production with other energy processes. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) indicates that greenhouse gas emissions from field fertilization and the high water consumption of the entire process remain a significant environmental issue. The use of bioethanol as a transport fuel additive is supported by European Union policy, while the first-generation bioethanol market is successfully developing in Brazil and its production is currently the cheapest. Bioethanol, especially second generation, is an important element of energy transformation, but its economic competitiveness requires further technological innovation and regulatory support.

18

Problems of environmental interference in emergency repairs of railway sections - a case study

Sobkowiak Tomasz

Structure and Environment

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2025

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Vol. 17, no. 1

40--48

EN

This article presents the history of identifying the causes of emergency threats and the repair of a section of the railway line within the Wolin National Park. The author focuses on issues related to the legal aspects of environmental protection in a specially protected area that arose during the design and execution of repair works on the railway infrastructure. Numerous meetings between the Management of the Railway Line Department in Szczecin and the Management of the Wolin National Park, with both sides fully understanding the essence of technical and environmental problems of the project, led to a consensus. The scope and method of repair were established, allowing the minimization of the negative impact of the investment process on the park’s natural and environmental values while ensuring the safety of train traffic. Despite the typical and straightforward nature of the repair task, due to environmental protection constraints, non-standard construction problems were encountered, which consequently increased costs and extended the construction time.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono historię ustalenia przyczyn zagrożenia awaryjnego i naprawy odcinka linii kolejowej w obrębie Wolińskiego Parku Narodowego. Autor skoncentrował się na problemach związanych z prawnymi aspektami ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego na terenie obszaru szczególnie chronionego, które wystąpiły w trakcie projektowania, jak i wykonywania budowanych robót naprawczych kolejowej infrastruktury komunikacyjnej. Liczne spotkania pomiędzy Dyrekcją Zakładu Linii Kolejowych w Szczecinie a Dyrekcją Wolińskiego Parku Narodowego, przy pełnym zrozumieniu przez obie strony istoty problemów technicznych i środowiskowych przedsięwzięcia, doprowadziły do uzyskania konsensusu. Ustalono zakres i sposób naprawy, który pozwolił na zminimalizowanie negatywnego oddziaływania procesu inwestycyjnego na walory przyrodnicze i środowiskowe parku przy zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa ruchu pociągów. Mimo typowego i prostego w realizacji zadania przy wykonaniu naprawy, ze względu na obostrzenia wynikające z ochrony środowiska przyrodniczego, natrafiono na niestandardowe problemy budowlane. W konsekwencji wpłynęło to na wzrost kosztów oraz wydłużenie czasu realizacji robót budowlanych.

19

Shaping Demand in Olsztyn's Public Transport: Policy, Operational Practices and Public Perception

Ejdys Stanisław, Robaczewski Robert

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2025

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Tom 27

767--779

EN

The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the mechanisms shaping demand for public transport in Olsztyn between 2012 and 2024, interpreting them in the context of sustainable mobility goals and environmental protection. The authors employ data triangulation – strategic documents, operational data, and media discourse analysis – demonstrating a significant gap between the declared objectives of transport policy and managerial practice. Reductions in service frequency, limitations in the route network, and investment delays lead to a phenomenon described as "demand suppression." The authors emphasize that a stable and developing public transport offer is one of the key tools for reducing emissions and limiting the negative environmental impacts of transportation. They also indicate that, to reverse the trend of unintentional demand reduction for public transport services and simultaneously support environmental protection, the city should restore service supply stability, improve transport integration, and ensure long-term consistency in implementing its sustainable mobility strategy.

20

Recycling Strategies for Decommissioned Photovoltaic Module Panels

Iwańczuk Andrzej, Krukurka Patrycja

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2025

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Tom 27

421--436

EN

The growing popularity of the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels to obtain solar energy entails, in addition to indisputable benefits (cheap and renewable energy), also several risks. Such a dynamic development of photovoltaic installations carries the risk of generating large amounts of waste, which in the future will have to be recycled or stored in landfills. This publication aims to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the recovery of secondary raw materials from used solar panels. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out, taking into account the detailed structure of the panel and the problems related to its recycling. In addition, an analysis of panel production and recycling both in Poland and globally is presented.