This case study focuses on building explanation challenges due to leaks in the underground part and flooding of cable ducts. The building in question is a tall building type located in one of the major rainwater accumulation zones. This is of the shape of the micro‑catchment area, the location in an urban area, and the foundation in the zone of fluctuation of the groundwater table. In a metropolitan area, such problems are often a consequence of the superposition of unfavourable geological and technical conditions, the shape and sealing of the rainwater catchment area, leaking infrastructure, as well as the presence of deeply sited buildings and underground infrastructure that adversely alters the natural groundwater conditions. We use an interdisciplinary research approach to explain the exemplary exploitation problem. The results enable a thorough recognition of the groundwater conditions and analysis of rainwater runoff in this densely built‑up area of historical‑cultural value.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono problemy eksploatacyjne budynku powstałe na skutek przecieków w części podziemnej i zalewania kanałów kablowych. Przedmiotowy obiekt to budynek wysoki, zlokalizowany w strefie gromadzenia się wody opadowej spowodowanego ukształtowaniem mikrozlewni, położeniem na terenie zurbanizowanym i posadowieniem fundamentów w strefie wahania zwierciadła wody gruntowej. W obszarze miejskim podobne problemy stanowią zwykle konsekwencję nałożenia się niekorzystnych uwarunkowań geologiczno‑inżynierskich, kształtu i uszczelnienia powierzchni zlewni wód opadowych, nieszczelności infrastruktury, jak również obecności głęboko posadowionych budynków i infrastruktury podziemnej, które niekorzystnie zmieniają naturalne warunki gruntowo‑wodne. Do analizy podjętego problemu zastosowano szeroki wachlarz współczesnych metod badawczych (wiercenia rozpoznawcze, monitoring wód podziemnych, tomografię elektrooporową, badania in situ właściwości fizycznych wody, laboratoryjne badania składu chemicznego wody). Uzyskane rezultaty umożliwiają wszechstronne rozpoznanie warunków gruntowo‑wodnych i określenie spływu wód opadowych na tym gęsto zabudowanym obszarze o historycznych walorach kulturowych.
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On satellite missions have been monitoring hydrological events on Earth’s surface for nearly two decades. Monthly gravity solutions from these satellites are available as Level-2 (L2) spherical harmonic coefficients or as ready-to-use Level-3 (L3) data, typically representing Total Water Storage (TWS) variations. L3 data, such as Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) mascon data, include essential corrections like post-glacial rebound and signal-leakage, and precisely represent TWS variations for specific regions, such as river basins, without additional corrections. However, certain geopotential changes, such as groundwater-induced vertical displacements, gravity anomalies and geoid height changes cannot be directly obtained from these data. To evaluate these geopotential changes, L3 data needs to be transformed into harmonic coefficient solutions. While this method is more computationally demanding compared to adapting L2 data with necessary corrections, the question remains: How can L3 TWS data be directly transformed into other potential changes? In this study, we propose a regression approach for the Türkiye region, using approximately hundred GSFC-mascon blocks to convert TWS into groundwater-induced vertical displacements. Transformation parameters are estimated by considering outcomes from L2 data, specifically selecting DDK2- filtered data. The ratio between vertical displacement and TWS for each mascon is modeled by a quadratic function based on TWS magnitudes. Investigating residuals reveals a timedependent pattern, which requires a second regression to model this aspect. This two-step regression approach successfully transforms TWS into vertical displacements, with a rootmean- square error of about half a millimeter, providing satisfactory results for the region.
W publikacji poruszono tematykę adaptacji piwnic budynku oficyny południowej przynależnej do barokowego kompleksu pałacowego w Pępowie w województwie wielkopolskim. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość wykorzystania rozwiązań uwzględniających zastosowanie domieszek uszczelniających w celu ochrony konstrukcji przed infiltracją wody z gruntu w ramach prac związanych z podbijaniem ścian fundamentowych oraz wykonywaniem posadzek.
EN
The publication deals with the subject of adaptation of the basement of the southern annex building belonging to the baroque palace complex in Pępowo, Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. Attention was paid to the possibility of using solutions including the use of sealing admixtures to protect the structure from infiltration of water from the ground during the work of tamping the foundation walls and making floors.
A very common reason for the loss of stability of slopes is water pressure resulting from weather conditions or changes in water filtration in the ground. The force resulting from these pressures is usually one of the main factors initiating the loss of stability. Stability is also influenced by changes in the water level in the slope after heavy rains. Stability taking into account the impact of water can be simulated using the finite element method using the c – φ reduction method.
PL
Bardzo częstym powodem utraty stateczności skarp i zboczy jest ciśnienie wody pojawiające się wskutek warunków atmosferycznych lub zmiany filtracji wody w podłożu. Siła będąca skutkiem tego ciśnienia przeważnie stanowi jeden z głównych czynników inicjujących utratę stateczności, na którą ma wpływ również zmiana poziomu wody w zboczu po wystąpieniu ulewnych deszczy. Stateczność z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania wody można symulować metodą elementów skończonych, stosując metodę redukcji c – φ.
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Water scarcity is severely high in the North Africa and the Middle East (MENA) regions. The deterioration of water quality has an impact on the human health as well as on the development of agricultural activities, especially in arid regions, where precipitations are less frequent. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the chemistry of the groundwater aquifer in the region of Messaad plateau. This region is located 370 km south of Algiers in southern Algeria. A dozen of samples were collected from wells and analyzed using physic-chemical technics, and the results were processed statistically. The distribution of the conductivity values and the various chemical parameters suggest that the groundwater in the Messad wadi area is overall highly mineralized, with the EC ranging from 550 μS . cm–1 to 8790.13 μS . cm–1, with a predominance of calcium sulphate facies and calcium chloride facies. The level of mineralization noted in the southern and southeastern portions of the research area sheds light on the source of natural contamination. The SO42–, Cl– , Ca2+ , Na+ ions are the most important factors influencing the electrical conductivity of water and the groundwater chemistry. These ions are the result of the continuous dissolution of gypsum and halite in the clays and marls of the Barremian formations.
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W artykule przeanalizowano wpływ agresywnego działania wód gruntowych na wybrane właściwości warstw hydroizolacyjnych wykonywanych z grubowarstwowych powłok polimerowo-asfaltowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem nasiąkliwości tych powłok. Oceniono również, jak zmienia się odczyn pH wody w kontakcie z grubowarstwowymi powłokami asfaltowo-polimerowymi. Analizy te uzupełniono wnioskami, publikowanymi wcześniej w literaturze technicznej, dotyczącymi wpływu podwyższonej nasiąkliwości tych powłok na zachowanie funkcji wodoszczelności oraz podatności powłok na zawilgocenie w efekcie działania wody o różnym pH. W badaniach wykorzystano m.in. metodę badawczą ujętą w normach PN-EN oraz metody własne.
EN
The manuscript analyzes the impact of the aggressive action of groundwater on selected properties of waterproofing layers made of polymer modified bituminous thick coatings, with particular emphasis on the water absorption of these coatings. It was also assessed how the pH of water changes in contact with polymer modified bituminous thick coatings. The analyzes were supplemented with conclusions previously published in the technical literature, regarding the impact of increased water absorption of the above-mentioned coatings to maintain the water-tightness function and the susceptibility of such coatings to moisture as a result of the action of water with different pH. The research used, inter alia, research methodology included in PN-EN standards, supplemented with tests performed using own methods.
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W artykule omówiono przyczyny pęknięć i deformacji w zabytkowym budynku oraz przecieków wody w jego podłożu. Przedstawiono charakterystykę deformacji filtracyjnych gruntu, uwzględniając ich przyczynę i rodzaj gruntu. Na podstawie danych z monitoringu poziomu wody gruntowej w okolicach obiektu przeanalizowano przecieki i wyznaczono strefy, w których przekroczone zostało kryterium inicjacji procesu deformacji filtracyjnych. W dalszej części przedstawiono koncepcje rozwiązań projektowych dotyczące zabezpieczenia budynku z uwagi na deformacje filtracyjne gruntu.
EN
This paper presents a case study using data on cracks and deformation in a historic building and water seepage in its subsoil. The first part of the paper presents the characteristics of soil filtration deformation with respect to soil type and causal factor. Based on the data from the monitoring of the ground water level in the vicinity of the building, seepage was analyzed and the zones in which the criterion for the initiation of filtration deformation process was exceeded were determined. In the next part, concepts of design solutions for protecting the building due to soil filtration deformations are presented.
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Following China's economic development, lots of tailing deposits have become potential pollution sources, and their leaching would release the trace elements into the natural environment. The leakage rate model and the solute transport models of groundwater are coupled to investigate the effects of the tailing ponds on groundwater. It indicates that the anti-seepage layer is a necessary and important component of the tailing ponds, which could protect the soil or groundwater to be polluted by wastewater. Under three scenarios (scenario A - ideal conditions, scenario B - the worst conditions, and scenario C), the proportions of maximum concentration to source concentration are 1.2, 94.6, and 19.1%, respectively. Under the worst states of anti-seepage layers, the pollution areas after 730, 1800, 3807 and 7300 days were 130 500, 313 200, 523 800, and 729 000 m2, respectively. Compared with Scenario B, the pollution areas of Scenario C after 1800, 3807, and 7300 days were cut by 52.97, 74.55, and 81.73, respectively. Given important anti-seepage layers, the tracking monitor system is necessary and important to discover whether the groundwater was contaminated in time.
BacBinh is a sand dune area located in the southern part of central Vietnam. This area is confronted with a lack of water supply. The project aims to investigate the site for artificial recharge (AR) and the management of aquifer recharge (MAR) in the sand dune area. The geological setting of the area is characterised by ryo-dacitic bedrock, which forms steep isolated hills (up to 300 m a.s.l.) overlain by a Pleistocene-Holocene marine sand dunes plateau (up to 200 m a. s. l.). This is represented by prevailing white fine sand (Pleistocene) and prevailing red sand (Holocene), which occurs extensively in the coastal area. The hydrological and geological conditions are investigated by collecting all existing data of aerial and satellite photos, rainfall statistics, morphological/geological/ and hydrogeological maps for acquisition and interpretation. The field geophysical surveys are carried out for the location of groundwater aquifers to site selection, monitoring and operation of groundwater recharge. Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of surface water and groundwater in different periods showed that the sand dunes aquifers, with electrical conductivity ranging from 100 to 400 μS/cm, are composed of different water types, characterised by complex mixing processes. The site chosen for the artificial recharge, where 162 days of pumping tests have been carried out, proved that the use of the bank filtration technique has considerably improved the quality of water, which was originally highly contaminated by E-coli bacteria. The well field developed within the present project is now capable of supplying 220 m3/day of good water quality to the HongPhong community, BacBinh district, which were recurrently affected by severe droughts.
In this study, an old rotational landslide that has reactivated in the NW sector of an open-pit mine operated within the gneiss rock unit was evaluated for geological and hydrogeological properties. The pit slopes were susceptible to mass movement when there were variations in water inflows. Considering this fact, a conceptual numerical model concerning geostructural features, rainfall infiltration, and varying hydrological conditions was constructed. Initially, finite element (FE) groundwater seepage analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of water flow on stability in the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season was simulated by vertical infiltration. Since the dewatering measures are of importance in open pit slope instability mitigation, pumping wells were designed to control water flow through the disturbed zone to improve the stability of the sector that can be triggered again with changing environmental conditions. The performance and organization of the pumping wells were also simulated in the FE model. This FE model was part of a dewatering plan. From this, the effect of the pumping rate from the wells on the stability of the sector was revealed. It was also found that there should be an increase in the pumping rate in the rainy season.
W artykule dokonano analizy czynników agresywnych w stosunku do betonu w zamkniętych obiektach gospodarki ściekowej na przykładzie czterech różnych grup obiektów zlokalizowanych w różnych regionach Polski. Na podstawie analiz chemicznych ścieków, ich osadów i skroplin na ścianach i stropach oraz atmosfery ponad ściekami, a także oceny stanu powierzchniowych warstw betonu i zbrojenia, sformułowano wnioski dotyczące agresywności środowiska panującego w komorach oraz wytycznych do projektowania ochrony przeciwkorozyjnej takich obiektów.
EN
In the paper the analysis of agents aggressive to concrete in the covered reinforced concrete chambers and channels for sewage disposal. The examples of four different objects localized in different part of Poland are presented. On the basis of chemical tests of sewage, their sludge and condensate on the walls and covers, the air above the sewage as well as the assessment of the surface of concrete, the conclusions are formulated concerning the aggressiveness in such objects and the recommendations for their anticorrosive protection.
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Omówiono podstawowe definicje i pojęcia prawne związane z własnością wód i gruntów pod wodami. Artykuł jest pierwszym z cyklu poświęconego wybranym problemom prawnym. Właściwe określenie charakteru wód oraz ich właściciela - nabiera szczególnego praktycznego znaczenia, w dobie szeroko zakreślonych planów inwestycyjnych w gospodarce wodnej, w tym m.in. budowy dróg wodnych, rozwoju energetyki wodnej, walki z suszą, a także prawidłowości wymiaru opłat za usługi wodne.
EN
The article discusses basic definitions and legal notions related to ownership of waters and underwater land. It is the first article of a series devoted to selected legal issues. The correct determination of the character of waters and their ownership becomes of particular practical importance in times when extensive investment plans in water management are being made, including construction of waterways, development of water power industry, combating drought, as well as correct calculation of water services fees.
The aim of the article is to analyze the occurrence of hydrogenic habitats in relation to morphogenesis and local groundwater circulation systems. The study was conducted in 2017 on 61 wetlands throughout Poland. Most of the studied habitats were located in the Vistula and Warta glaciation areas. The analyzed hydrogenic habitats belonged mainly to four habitat types: telmatic organic marshes, alluvial mineral marshes, periodic moistlands and peatlands. Three small mountainous spring areas were also included in the analysis. The impact of hydrogeological conditions on the supply and contact of groundwater with the habitat was analyzed. The type of hydrological feeding of habitats was also verified. The classification of morphogenetic conditions was based on the Detailed Geological Map of Poland at a scale of 1:50 000. Based on morphogenetic units, the dominant habitat types in individual units were specified: river valleys, plain glacilacustrine, ice-marginal valleys, lake plains, upland, outwash plains. The occurrence of individual types of habitats against the background of local groundwater circulation systems was also characterized. For selected habitats, a performed analysis encompassed the impact of fluctuations in the groundwater table over many years on the possibilities of groundwater supply.
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