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Timing and duration of the early Hettangian marine inundation in the Polish Basin: organic carbon isotopes and astronomical calibration of the Triassic-Jurassic transition of the Niekłań PIG core (Holy Cross Mountains, SE Poland)

Lodowski Damian G., Martinez Mathieu, Hesselbo Stephen P., Hodbod Marta, Leng M., Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Brański Paweł, Pointer Robyn

Volumina Jurassica

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2024

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Vol. 22

87--116

EN

Stratigraphy of non-marine sections and dynamics of marine transgressions in the deep geological past are important, yet challenging issues. Here we discuss results obtained from the Triassic–Jurassic (T–J) boundary interval of the Niekłań PIG drillcore section (Holy Cross Mountains or HCM, SE Poland). The core represents an expanded record of continental to marginal-marine facies, deposited within the axial part of the Polish Basin. The section is dated based on an integrated approach, utilizing palynologic proxies, stable carbon isotope correlations, and astronomical tuning of the section. Palaeoenvironment and its evolution is established by means of high-resolution sedimentology, clay mineral assemblages, and geochemical weathering indices (chemical index of alteration, CIA). The early to mid-Rhaetian was seasonal and progressively warmer and more humid, culminating with a hot and humid climate in the late Rhaetian; the earliest Jurassic was slightly cooler, yet still warm and humid, with year-round rainfall. Characteristic for the T/J boundary is the occurrence of two fern spikes (uppermost Rhaetian and lowermost Hettangian), which are associated with vegetation crises; this interval is also marked by wildfire indicators. Recognition of short eccentricity (~100 kyr) cycles enables calculation of sedimentation rates as well as temporal interpretation of the early Rhaetian marine inundation onto coastal plains of the Polish Basin. To begin with, over a period of ~200 kyr, a base-level rise led in the HCM region to a shift from fluvial to lacustrine depositional systems, while the final flooding marked by the onset of marine facies took another ~350 kyr. Additionally, observations allow inference of the magnitude of the early Hettangian relative sea-level rise, estimated herein to have been about 55 m.

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From Jurassic deep-sea life to deterministic Solar System dynamics: insights from recurrence plot analysis of ichnological data, Toarcian, Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, UK

Ninard Krzysztof, Uchman Alfred, Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Hesselbo Stephen P.

Volumina Jurassica

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2024

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Vol. 22

25--34

EN

Bioturbation structures preserved in the c. 260 m long Toarcian section of the Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole (Wales, UK) display cyclic occurrences influenced by astronomical forcing. Depth-domain data series of ichnotaxa distribution were analysed using recurrence plots, which allow observation of cyclic patterns across various scales simultaneously and assessment of the varied responses of different tracemakers to the influence of particular orbital terms. Phycosiphon and Schaubcylindrichnus occurrences reflect the combined effect of precession, obliquity, and short eccentricity. In turn, conditions favouring the development of undulated bedding and the Thalassinoides and Trichichnus tracemakers were primarily controlled by the long eccentricity. Disruptions in the plots likely result from average sedimentation rate changes, and stress conditions experienced by benthic fauna during the latter stages of the Early Toarcian carbon isotope excursion. Generally, the plots reveal patterns characteristic of systems governed by deterministic chaos, with pronounced cyclic components.

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Wzbogacenie w REE utworów osadowych w wybranych rejonach obrzeżenia mezozoicznego Gór Świętokrzyskich : obiecujące dane wstępne i potrzeba dalszych badań

Mikulski Stanisław Z., Brański Paweł, Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Małek Rafał, Zglinicki Karol, Chmielewski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 6

379--385

EN

The main task of research was a quantitative and qualitative identification of rare earth elements within various Mesozoic sediments in the surroundings of the Holy Cross Mountains. Over 100 samples from archive boreholes, outcrops and mining waste were analysed using modern methods, like portable XRF, geochemical analysis (ICP-MS), electron microprobe and SEM. Results show enrichments of REE concentrations in sedimentary rock samples from the Niektań PIG-1 borehole (LREE up to 0.95%), Miedary outcrop (LREY up to 0.4%) and Lower Cretaceous phosphorites from mining waste in Chałupki and Annopol (LREE ~0.2%). Further investigation is strongly recommended in order to explain the distribution of REE in the study areas.

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Borkowice – światowej klasy stanowisko paleontologiczne z tropami i kośćmi wczesnojurajskich dinozaurów

Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Niedźwiedzki Grzegprz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 11

716--720

EN

As part of the implementation of the Polish Geological Survey numerous and perfectly preserved dinosaur footprints were discovered in the upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) barrier-lagoon deposits, outcropping in the ceramic clay pit in Borkowice (Przysucha County, Poland). A large part of the specimens shows (especially visible in 3D scans) three-dimensional natural casts of dinosaur feet, on which anatomical features and impressions of the scaly skin are preserved in unusual details. These are the best-preserved traces of dinosaurs so far discovered in Poland and the quality of their preservation is equal to the best-known discoveries worldwide. In order for such a state of preservation to be possible, a very special sequence of sedimentary/taphonomic events had to take place in a very short time. The collection also includes records of ethology (behaviour) left by dinosaurs running, swimming, resting and sitting on a muddy sediment, as well as many enigmatic biogenic structures, probably related to various life activities of dinosaurs living there. So far, several hundred dinosaur tracks, representing at least seven different species of these animals have been collected and secured in Borkowice, and the prospects for new finds are much more promising. Unique bone remains of ornithischian dinosaurs preserved in the form of casts have also been found. It is necessary to act in cooperation with local authorities and the entrepreneur exploiting the clay deposits in order to secure and protect the geoheritage site.

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Professor Piotr Roniewicz (1936-2019) : in memoriam

Wysocka Anna, Głowniak Ewa, Szulczewski Michał, Rudowski Stanisław, Giżejewski Jerzy, Karnkowski Paweł Henryk, Pinińska Joanna, Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Skompski Stanisław, Słaby Ewa, Kalinowska Anna, Sawicki Gerard

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 4

435--452

EN

Piotr Roniewicz was born in 1936 in Warsaw, however his family roots were in Stanisławów (nowadays Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine). He completed his university studies at the Faculty of Geology of the University of Warsaw in 1959, gaining a Master’s Degree. He began his geological career at this Faculty already as a 4th year student. In 1981-1984 he was the Vice-Dean and later in 1984-1990 - the Dean of the Faculty. Professor Roniewicz worked there until his retirement in 2006.

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Bajocian transgressive-regressive sequences of the Tecocoyunca Group, southern Mexico, with maximum flooding surfaces marked by Thalassinoides

Pieńkowski Grzegorz, Martini Michelangelo, Zepeda-Martínez Mildred

Geological Quarterly

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2019

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Vol. 63, No. 3

449--459

EN

Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) transgressive-regressive sequences (TRS), outcropping in the Rosario Nuevo Creek (Tezoatlán Basin, Tecocoyunca Group) in Oaxaca State, Mexico, represent one of the Jurassic phases of opening and widening of a trans-Pangaean marine corridor (called also the Hispanic Corridor) and show a retrogradational-progradational set of sedimentary successions with decipherable and diverse facies. Two TRSs have been distinguished. The lower one starts with fluvio-deltaic sandstones including pedogenic horizons. Drowning of the deltaic plain and gradual rising of the water table is marked by change in vegetation: from large trees to low-rise vegetation with characteristic clumps of dense roots cemented by siderite. The delta plain succession is topped by a thin coal seam, followed by a transgressive surface. Ensuing laminated mudstones of restricted marine origin pass into open marine deposits, represented by bioturbated heterolithic strata with ammonites followed by nearshore sandstones, deposited in a storm-dominated basin. A similar succession, although without the deltaic part, is repeated in the next TRS. Of note are two thin (15-20 cm) continuous beds with Thalassinoides isp. networks, present within open marine deposits. Although large Thalassinoides networks are mostly known from shallow-marine and coastal environments, the case from Mexico represents less common occurrences from a deeper marine (offshore) setting, associated with maximum flooding surfaces, sediment starvation and firmgrounds (Glossifungites ichnofacies). Occurrences of Thalassinoides meshes, precisely marking maximum flooding surfaces, are helpful in defining the hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic cycles.