Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
In the last years the failure frequency of transformers increased, e.g. due to ageing or external hazards. In particular fires and explosions of main oil-filled transformers are considered as critical. Therefore, international experiences of transformer failures at nuclear and non-nuclear power plants and at substations have been investigated in more detail. Consequences of transformer failures with respect to a reliable electricity transmission and distribution as well as measures to enhance the reliability of critical infrastructure and to avoid blackouts are addressed.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
15--24
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Bibliografia
- [1] Awadallah, S.K. E. (2014). Probabilistic methodology for prioritising replacement of ageing power transformers based on reliability assessment of transmission system. PhD thesis submitted to The University of Manchester.
- [2] Awadallah, S.K. E., Milanovic, J.V. & Jarman, P. (2015). The influence of modeling transformer age related failures on system reliability. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems Vol 30, Issue 2, 970-979, March 2015.
- [3] Awadallah, S. K. E., Milanović, J. V., Wang, Z. & Jarman, P. N. (2015). Assessment of suitability of different reliability importance measures for prioritising replacement of transmission system components, in: IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech 2015; 29 Jun 2015-02 Jul 2015; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- [4] Bartley, W.H. (2011). Ageing transformers are a risk to the electric power supply. Munich Re Schadenspiegel, Issue 2/2011, 14-19.
- [5] Berg, H.P. & Fritze, N. (2010). Power plant transformer explosion and fire. SSARS 2010 – Summer Safety and Reliability Seminars, Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association, Volume 1, 35-42.
- [6] Berg, H.P. & Fritze, N. (2012). Risk and consequences of transformer explosions and fires in nuclear power plants. Journal of KONBiN 3(23)2012 ISSN 1895-8281, 05-16.
- [7] Blake, S., Taylor, P., Black, M. & Miller. D. (2012). Using condition data and fault consequence to inform asset replacement programmes. Proceedings of the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
- [8] Campbell, R. J. (2012). Weather-related power outages and electric system resiliency. Congressional Research Service, R42696.
- [9] Chen, D.P. (2014). Analyzing transformer replacement policies: a simulation approach to reducing failure risk. Princeton University, April 2014.
- [10] Center for the Study of the Presidency & Congress – CSPC (2014). Securing the U.S. electrical grid. Washington, D.C. First Edition, July 2014.
- [11] Elkinson, K., McGrail, T. & Topjian, G (2012). Transformers: the backbone of our society. Proceedings of the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
- [12] EPRI and USNRC. (2005). EPRI/NRC-RES Fire PRA Methodology for Nuclear Power Facilities; Volume 2: Detailed Methodology. EPRI TR101/1089 and NUREG/CR-6850, Electric Power Research Institute and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research.
- [13] Foata, M. & Nguyen, V. N. (2010). Transformer tank rupture and mitigation – Hydro-Quebec perspective, Presentation.
- [14] International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA (2012). Electrical grid reliability and interface with nuclear power plants. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series, No. NG-T-3.8.
- [15] Lord, T. & Hodge, G. (2008). Online monitoring of transformers as a strategic tool.
- [16] National Academy of Sciences – NAS (2012). Terrorism and the electric power delivery system. National Academic Press, Washington, D.C.
- [17] National Infrastructure Advisory Council – NIAC (2010). A framework for establishing critical infrastructure resilience goals.
- [18] North American Electric Reliability Corporation – NERC (2012). Long-term reliability assessment, November 2012.
- [19] North American Electric Reliability Corporation – NERC (2014). Long-term reliability assessment, November 2014.
- [20] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development - OECD. Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI), (2012) OECD FIRE Database, Version: OECD FIRE DB 2013:1, Paris, France, August 2014.
- [21] Parformak, P.W. (2014). Physical security of the U.S. power grid: high-voltage transformer substations. Congress Research Service, R43604, June 2014.
- [22] Steindl, E. (2012). Risk management and transformer monitoring. Presentation at the International Colloquium Transformer Research and Asset Management, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
- [23] Tang, S., Hale, C. & Thaker, H. (2014). Reliability modeling of power transformers with maintenance outage. Systems Science & Control Engineering: An Open Access Journal, 2:1, 316324.
- [24] U.S. Government Publishing Office – GPO (2015). H. R. 2244, a bill to establish a strategic transformer reserve, May 8, 2015.
- [25] United States Department of Energy (2012). Large power transformers and the U.S. electrical grid, DOE/OE/ISER, June 2012.
- [26] United States Department of Energy (2014). Large power transformers and the U.S. electrical grid, DOE/OE/ISER, April 2014 Update.
- [27] Wouters, P., van Schindel, A. & Wetzer, J. (2010). Remaining lifetime modelling of power transformers on individual and population level. International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, Potsdam, Germany, July 4-9, 2010.
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